An Efficient High-Powered Sulfamethaxazole Sensor Based on p–n Junction Heterostructures Using Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film and Graphene Oxide Sheets,Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

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An Efficient High-Powered Sulfamethaxazole Sensor Based on p–n Junction Heterostructures Using Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film and Graphene Oxide Sheets
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01206
Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar _{1,

2} , Balakrishnapillai Suseela Sreeja _{2,

3} , Padmalaya Gurunathan _{1,

2} , Kungumaraj Krishna Kumar _{1,

2}

Affiliation

A human framework needs a careful monitoring of drug concentration which imparts unfavorable condition to human health. Among the various antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has been determined to be a typical antibiotic that is used to treat urinary tract infections, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensing platform using graphene oxide (GO), and nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) are used for the detection of SMX. In this study, the working electrodes, GO is modified on FTO using a dip coating technique and on ZnO nanostructures, using a hydrothermal coating method. Finally, GO was dip-coated on FTO in order to obtain a seed layer and the ZnO nanostructure was developed using a hydrothermal method, thus obtaining as GO-ZnO/FTO as a working electrode for SMX detection. Hence, our developed electrodes aimed for high sensitivity that was evidenced to detect SMX at high potential windows. Prior to sensing analysis, the physical and morphological properties of developed electrodes were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The performance of GO/FTO, ZnO/FTO, and GO-ZnO/FTO was probed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and current–voltage characteristics (I–V). It was noticed that GO-ZnO/FTO found to exhibit a flower-like structure morphology with effective surface area and active sites for anchoring adsorbate molecules, thus leading to the production of amplified current signals in high potential windows. Under optimized conditions, the designed sensor provided the SMX detection with nanomolar and picomolar limit of detection (0.182 ng/L, 4.8 pg/L, and 0.0949 ng/L), respectively. Besides the specificity, stability and reliability studies were tested for electrodes in multiple real-time water samples for designed sensors. The experimental results of developed sensors show that it has an excellent electron transfer system on the sensor surface among the practical sensors reported for drug applications.

中文翻译：

使用纳米结构 ZnO 薄膜和氧化石墨烯片的基于 p–n 结异质结构的高效高功率磺胺甲恶唑传感器

人体框架需要仔细监测药物浓度，这会给人类健康带来不利条件。在众多抗生素中，磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）已被确定为典型的抗生素，用于治疗尿路感染、弓形虫病、肺炎以及皮肤和软组织感染。在此，我们报告了一种使用氧化石墨烯 (GO) 和纳米结构氧化锌 (ZnO) 的电化学传感平台用于检测 SMX。在这项研究中，工作电极 GO 使用浸涂技术在 FTO 上进行修饰，并使用水热涂层方法在 ZnO 纳米结构上进行修饰。最后，将 GO 浸涂在 FTO 上以获得种子层，并使用水热法开发 ZnO 纳米结构，从而获得 GO-ZnO/FTO 作为 SMX 检测的工作电极。因此，我们开发的电极旨在实现高灵敏度，证明可以在高电位窗口检测 SMX。在传感分析之前，使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 方法研究了已开发电极的物理和形态特性。GO/FTO、ZnO/FTO 和 GO-ZnO/FTO 的性能通过循环伏安法 (CV) 和电流-电压特性 (一一五）。值得注意的是，GO-ZnO/FTO 发现具有花状结构形态，具有有效表面积和锚定吸附分子的活性位点，从而导致在高电位窗口中产生放大的电流信号。在优化的条件下，设计的传感器提供的 SMX 检测分别具有纳摩尔和皮摩尔检测限（0.182 ng/L、4.8 pg/L 和 0.0949 ng/L）。除了特异性、稳定性和可靠性研究外，还对设计传感器的多个实时水样中的电极进行了测试。开发的传感器的实验结果表明，在已报道的用于药物应用的实际传感器中，它在传感器表面具有优异的电子转移系统。

更新日期：2022-06-22

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