Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light–matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.

中文翻译：

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用于能量转换的光学超表面

具有设计光学功能的纳米结构表面，例如超表面，可以在纳米尺度上有效地收集光，增强各种材料组合的光-物质相互作用。利用这些人造材料中的光驱动物质激发开辟了纳米级能量转换和管理的新维度。在这篇综述中，我们概述了光学超表面在将入射光子的能量转换为频移光子、声子和高能载流子方面的影响、机遇、应用和挑战。无数的机会等待着利用转换后的能源。在这里，我们涵盖了从基本纳米角度一直到应用的最相关方面。