Drug Delivery and Translational Research ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01197-4 Sharath Kumar Hari 1 , Ankita Gauba 1 , Neeraj Shrivastava 1 , Ravi Mani Tripathi 2 , Sudhir Kumar Jain 3 , Akhilesh Kumar Pandey 4, 5
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Since the beginning of pharmaceutical research, drug delivery methods have been an integral part of it. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have emerged as multifunctional nanoparticles in the current technological era of nanocarriers, and they have shown promise in a range of scientific fields. They can alter the release profile of integrated pharmacological substances and concentrate them in the target zone due to their improved permeability and retention, making them more suitable for poorly soluble medicines. With their ability to deliver poorly soluble chemotherapeutic drugs, PMs have garnered considerable interest in cancer. As a result of their remarkable biocompatibility, improved permeability, and minimal toxicity to healthy cells, while also their capacity to solubilize a wide range of drugs in their micellar core, PMs are expected to be a successful treatment option for cancer therapy in the future. Their nano-size enables them to accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In this review, our major aim is to focus primarily on the stellar applications of PMs in the field of cancer therapeutics along with its mechanism of action and its latest advancements in drug and gene delivery (DNA/siRNA) for cancer, using various therapeutic strategies such as crossing blood–brain barrier, gene therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and immunotherapy. Furthermore, PMs can be employed as “smart drug carriers,” allowing them to target specific cancer sites using a variety of stimuli (endogenous and exogenous), which improve the specificity and efficacy of micelle-based targeted drug delivery. All the many types of stimulants, as well as how the complex of PM and various anticancer drugs react to it, and their pharmacodynamics are also reviewed here. In conclusion, commercializing engineered micelle nanoparticles (MNPs) for application in therapy and imaging can be considered as a potential approach to improve the therapeutic index of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, PM has stimulated intense interest in research and clinical practice, and in light of this, we have also highlighted a few PMs that have previously been approved for therapeutic use, while the majority are still being studied in clinical trials for various cancer therapies.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
聚合物胶束与癌症治疗：一种巧妙的多模式肿瘤靶向药物递送系统
自药物研究开始以来，药物递送方法一直是其中不可或缺的一部分。在当前的纳米载体技术时代，聚合物胶束 (PM) 已作为多功能纳米粒子出现，并在一系列科学领域显示出前景。由于改善了渗透性和保留性，它们可以改变整合药理物质的释放曲线并将它们集中在目标区域，使它们更适用于难溶性药物。PM 具有输送难溶性化疗药物的能力，因此引起了人们对癌症的极大兴趣。由于它们具有卓越的生物相容性、改善的渗透性和对健康细胞的最小毒性，同时它们还能够在胶束核心中溶解多种药物，PM 有望成为未来癌症治疗的成功治疗选择。它们的纳米尺寸使它们能够通过增强的渗透性和保留 (EPR) 效应在肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中积累。在这篇综述中，我们的主要目标是主要关注 PM 在癌症治疗领域的主要应用及其作用机制及其在癌症药物和基因传递 (DNA/siRNA) 方面的最新进展，使用各种治疗策略如穿越血脑屏障、基因疗法、光热疗法（PTT）和免疫疗法。此外，PM 可以用作“智能药物载体”，允许它们使用各种刺激（内源性和外源性）靶向特定的癌症部位，从而提高基于胶束的靶向药物递送的特异性和功效。所有兴奋剂的种类，以及 PM 和各种抗癌药物的复合物如何对其产生反应，以及它们的药效学也在此进行综述。总之，商业化工程胶束纳米粒子 (MNPs) 用于治疗和成像可被视为提高抗癌药物治疗指数的潜在方法。此外，PM 激发了人们对研究和临床实践的浓厚兴趣，鉴于此，我们还重点介绍了一些先前已获准用于治疗用途的 PM，而大多数仍在各种癌症疗法的临床试验中进行研究。商业化工程胶束纳米粒子 (MNPs) 用于治疗和成像可被视为提高抗癌药物治疗指数的潜在方法。此外，PM 激发了人们对研究和临床实践的浓厚兴趣，鉴于此，我们还重点介绍了一些先前已获准用于治疗用途的 PM，而大多数仍在各种癌症疗法的临床试验中进行研究。商业化工程胶束纳米粒子 (MNPs) 用于治疗和成像可被视为提高抗癌药物治疗指数的潜在方法。此外，PM 激发了人们对研究和临床实践的浓厚兴趣，鉴于此，我们还重点介绍了一些先前已获准用于治疗用途的 PM，而大多数仍在各种癌症疗法的临床试验中进行研究。
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