Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gut immune dysregulation and dysbiosis condition is rapidly increasing in global incidence. Regardless, there is a lack of ideal diagnostic markers, while conventional treatment provides scarce desired results, thus, the exploration for better options. Changes in the gut microbial composition and metabolites either lead to or are caused by the immune dysregulation that characterizes IBD. This study examined the fecal metagenomics and metabolomic changes in IBD patients. A total of 30 fecal samples were collected from 15 IBD patients and 15 healthy controls for 16S rDNA gene sequencing and UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS detection of metabolomics. Results showed that there was a severe perturbation of gut bacteria community composition, diversity, metabolites, and associated functions and metabolic pathways in IBD. This included a significantly decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, increased disease-associated phyla such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and increased Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in IBD. A total of 3146 metabolites were detected out of which 135 were differentially expressed between IBD and controls. Metabolites with high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating IBD from healthy individuals included 6,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone and thyroxine 4′-o-.beta.-d-glucuronide (AUC = 0.92), normorphine and salvinorin a (AUC = 0.90), and trichostachine (AUC = 0.91). Moreover, the IBD group had significantly affected pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis, vitamin digestion and absorption, and carbohydrate metabolism. This study reveals that the combined evaluation of metabolites and fecal microbiome can be useful to discriminate between healthy subjects and IBD patients and consequently serve as therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

中文翻译：

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炎症性肠病患者的肠道宏基因组学和代谢组学特征

炎症性肠病 (IBD) 是一种慢性肠道免疫失调和生态失调状况，其全球发病率正在迅速增加。无论如何，缺乏理想的诊断标志物，而常规治疗提供的理想结果很少，因此，探索更好的选择。肠道微生物组成和代谢物的变化导致或由 IBD 特有的免疫失调引起。本研究检查了 IBD 患者的粪便宏基因组学和代谢组学变化。共从 15 名 IBD 患者和 15 名健康对照中收集了 30 份粪便样本，用于 16S rDNA 基因测序和 UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS 代谢组学检测。结果表明，IBD 中肠道细菌群落组成、多样性、代谢物以及相关功能和代谢途径受到严重扰动。这包括拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的丰度显着下降，与疾病相关的门如变形菌门和放线菌门增加，以及 IBD 中大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的增加。共检测到 3146 种代谢物，其中 135 种在 IBD 和对照之间差异表达。在区分 IBD 和健康个体方面具有高敏感性和特异性的代谢物包括 6,7,4'-三羟基异黄酮和甲状腺素 4'-o-β-d-葡糖苷酸 (AUC = 0.92)、去甲吗啡和萨尔维诺林 a (AUC = 0.90) , 和旋毛虫 (AUC = 0.91)。此外，IBD组显着影响了包括初级胆汁酸生物合成、维生素消化吸收和碳水化合物代谢在内的途径。