The objective of this study was to optimize the pectin extraction from industrial quince biowaste using citric acid as a hydrolytic agent and assisting the process with ultrasound technology. For this, the process was modeled using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) to find the factors’ optimum values and their interactions. The quince pectin extraction was carried out by adding to the biowaste a citric acid solution at different pH values (2.0, 2.5, and 3.0) in mass volume ratios of 1/25, 1/20, and 1/15 g/mL and immersing it in an ultrasound bath for 30, 45, and 60 min at controlled temperatures of 70, 80, and 90 °C. Pectin yield, process cost, and CO₂ emission were calculated under different conditions according to the BBD model, and a polynomial function was adjusted for each dependent variable. A multiobjective optimization technique known as “Genetic algorithms” was used to find the proper extraction conditions that would maximize the pectin yield and minimize the process cost. The optimal extraction conditions obtained were as follows: pH = 2.12, mvr = 0.04 g/mL, time = 48.98 min, and temperature = 85.20 °C, with response variables of pectin yield = 12.78%, cost = 1.501 USD/kg of pectin, and calculated CO₂ emission = 0.565 kg of CO₂/kg of pectin.

中文翻译：

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从木瓜生物废料中可持续提取果胶的生物精炼生产方案的多目标优化与实施

本研究的目的是优化使用柠檬酸作为水解剂从工业榅桲生物废料中提取果胶，并使用超声波技术辅助该过程。为此，该过程使用 Box–Behnken 设计 (BBD) 进行建模，以找到因素的最佳值及其相互作用。榅桲果胶的提取是通过向生物废料中加入质量体积比为 1/25、1/20 和 1/15 g/mL 的不同 pH 值（2.0、2.5 和 3.0）的柠檬酸溶液，然后浸泡进行的在 70、80 和 90 °C 的受控温度下，将其放入超声波浴中 30、45 和 60 分钟。果胶产量、工艺成本和 CO ₂根据BBD模型计算不同条件下的排放量，并为每个因变量调整多项式函数。一种称为“遗传算法”的多目标优化技术被用于寻找合适的提取条件，以最大限度地提高果胶产量并最大限度地降低工艺成本。获得的最佳提取条件如下：pH = 2.12，mvr = 0.04 g/mL，时间 = 48.98 分钟，温度 = 85.20 °C，果胶产量的响应变量 = 12.78%，成本 = 1.501 美元/千克果胶，计算出的CO ₂排放量=0.565 kg CO ₂ /kg果胶。