Background

Child labor trafficking is a largely unexplored and unpublished phenomenon in the United States.

Objective

To 1) characterize the state of the science on child labor trafficking, and 2) identify empirical information regarding risk and protective factors, and physical/behavioral health needs of labor-trafficked children/adolescents.

Methods

This scoping review involved an electronic review of five databases; the search was restricted to studies in English or Spanish and published between Jan 1, 2010-Oct 16, 2020. The search yielded 1190 articles; 48 studies qualified for full review and 8 met inclusion criteria (US-based study addressing risk factors/vulnerabilities for child labor trafficking; protective factors; health impact; or health/behavioral healthcare).

Results

Only one study had sufficient sample size to compare sex to labor trafficking among minors; some did not separate data by age group or by type of trafficking. A few shared data from a common source; one was a single case review. Findings suggested that sex and labor trafficking may share common risk factors (e.g., prior child maltreatment and out-of-home placement) as well as within group differences (e.g., labor trafficked children had less prior child welfare involvement than those involved in sex trafficking and were more likely to be younger, male, Black or non-white, and Hispanic). Multiple physical/behavioral health symptoms were reported and may be useful items for a healthcare screen.

Conclusions

Child labor trafficking research in the U.S. is in its infancy, although the results of this review point to opportunities for screening and case conceptualization that may be useful to practitioners.

中文翻译：

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美国贩卖儿童和青少年的劳动力：范围审查

背景

在美国，童工贩运是一个很大程度上未经探索和未发表的现象。

客观的

1) 描述关于贩卖童工的科学状况，以及 2) 确定有关风险和保护因素的经验信息，以及被贩卖的儿童/青少年的身体/行为健康需求。

方法

该范围审查涉及对五个数据库的电子审查；搜索仅限于英语或西班牙语的研究，并在 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 10 月 16 日期间发表。搜索产生了 1190 篇文章；48 项研究符合全面审查条件，8 项符合纳入标准（美国研究涉及童工贩运的风险因素/脆弱性；保护因素；健康影响；或健康/行为保健）。

结果

只有一项研究有足够的样本量来比较未成年人的性行为和劳动力​​贩运；有些没有按年龄组或贩运类型区分数据。来自同一来源的一些共享数据；一个是单案审查。研究结果表明，性贩运和劳动力贩运可能具有共同的风险因素（例如，先前的儿童虐待和离家安置）以及群体差异（例如，被劳动力贩运的儿童之前的儿童福利参与程度低于参与性贩运的儿童）并且更有可能是更年轻、男性、黑人或非白人以及西班牙裔）。报告了多种身体/行为健康症状，可能是医疗保健筛查的有用项目。

结论

美国的童工贩运研究处于起步阶段，尽管本次审查的结果指出了筛选和案例概念化的机会，这可能对从业者有用。