Purpose

Adolescents might be susceptible to the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. We assessed changes in mental wellbeing throughout the first year of the pandemic and compared these with prepandemic levels.

Methods

This five-wave prospective study among Dutch adolescents aged 12–17 years used data collected before the pandemic (n = 224) (T0), in May (T1), July (T2), and October 2020 (T3), and in February 2021 (T4). Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between stringency of the lockdown with mental wellbeing.

Results

Adolescents had a lower life satisfaction during the first full lockdown (T1) [adjusted β: −0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.58 to −0.13], during the partial lockdown (T3) (adjusted β: −0.37, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.12), and during the second full lockdown (T4) (adjusted β: −0.79, 95% CI: −1.07 to −0.52) compared to before the pandemic (T0). Adolescents reported more internalizing symptoms during only the second full lockdown (T4) (adjusted β: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.41–4.75). During the pandemic [at T1 (adjusted β: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20–0.38), T2 (adjusted β: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.26–0.46), T3 (adjusted β: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.22–0.45), and T4 (adjusted β: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07–0.34)], adolescents reported a better psychosomatic health, partly attributable to less trouble falling asleep (p < .01).

Discussion

The COVID-19 lockdown measures have had both a negative and positive impact on mental wellbeing of Dutch adolescents. However, mental wellbeing was most impacted during the second full lockdown compared to before the pandemic.

中文翻译：

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跟踪 COVID-19 封锁第一年荷兰青少年的心理健康状况：一项纵向研究

 目的

青少年可能容易受到 COVID-19 封锁的影响。我们评估了大流行第一年的心理健康变化，并将其与大流行前的水平进行了比较。

 方法

这项针对 12-17 岁荷兰青少年的五波前瞻性研究使用了大流行前 (n = 224) (T0)、2020 年 5 月 (T1)、7 月 (T2)、2020 年 10 月 (T3) 和 2 月收集的数据2021 年（T4）。使用广义估计方程来评估封锁的严格程度与心理健康之间的关联。

 结果

青少年在第一次完全封锁期间（T1）[调整后的β：-0.36，95％置信区间（CI）：-0.58至-0.13]和部分封锁期间（T3）期间（调整后的β：-0.37，与大流行前 (T0) 相比，95% CI：-0.63 至 -0.12），以及第二次全面封锁期间（T4）（调整后 β：-0.79，95% CI：-1.07 至 -0.52）。仅在第二次完全封锁期间（T4），青少年报告了更多的内化症状（调整后的β：2.58，95％CI：0.41-4.75）。大流行期间[T1（调整后β：0.29，95％CI：0.20-0.38），T2（调整后β：0.36，95％CI：0.26-0.46），T3（调整后β：0.33，95％CI：0.22- 0.45）和 T4（调整后 β：0.20，95% CI：0.07-0.34）]，青少年报告了更好的心身健康，部分归因于入睡困难较少（ p < .01）。

 讨论

COVID-19 封锁措施对荷兰青少年的心理健康产生了消极和积极的影响。然而，与大流行之前相比，第二次全面封锁期间心理健康受到的影响最大。