A large number of tailings ponds formed by slag accumulation have become serious environmental hazards. Spatially high potential energy and long-term accumulation may result in gradient-changing seepage pollution. The assemblages of phytoplankton and bacteria are widely used as assessment indicators. In this study, we investigate the changes in phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages in tailing pollution. The results showed that there are temporal and spatial variabilities in seepage pollution. The abundance and diversity of phytoplankton and bacteria decreased with increasing pollution. However, Synedra acus (diatom) and Polynucleobacter (bacteria) were positively correlated with pollution levels (r = 0.37, P < 0.05; r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Heavy metals are the main contributors to bacterial changes (16.46%), while nutrients are for algae (13.24%). Tailings pond pollution reduced the number of phytoplankton and bacterial linkages. However, more pollution broke the originally independent modules of phytoplankton and bacteria, and they produced more positive correlations (79.39%; 87.68%). Microcystis sp. and Limnobacter were the key nodes of the co-occurrence network in the polluted areas. Exploring the interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton within different pollution levels could provide insights into biological interaction patterns and the bioremediation of tailings ponds.

大量积渣形成的尾矿库已成为严重的环境公害。空间高势能和长期积累可能导致梯度变化的渗流污染。浮游植物和细菌的组合被广泛用作评估指标。在这项研究中，我们调查了尾矿污染中浮游植物和细菌组合的变化。结果表明，渗流污染存在时空变异性。浮游植物和细菌的丰度和多样性随着污染的增加而减少。然而，Synedra acus（硅藻）和多核杆菌（细菌）与污染水平呈正相关（r = 0.37，P  < 0.05；r = 0.24，P < 0.05)。重金属是细菌变化的主要贡献者（16.46%），而营养物质是藻类（13.24%）。尾矿池污染减少了浮游植物和细菌联系的数量。然而，更多的污染打破了浮游植物和细菌原本独立的模块，它们产生了更多的正相关（79.39%；87.68%）。微囊藻属 和Limnobacter是污染区共现网络的关键节点。探索不同污染水平下细菌和浮游植物之间的相互作用可以提供对生物相互作用模式和尾矿池生物修复的见解。