Assessment of Zn toxicity/mobility based on its speciation and transformations in soils is critical for maintaining human and ecosystem health. Zn-concentrate (56 % Zn as ZnS, sphalerite) has been imported through a seaport and transported to a Zn-smelter for several decades, and smelting processes resulted in aerial deposition of Zn and sulfuric acids in two geochemically distinct territories around the smelter (mountain-slope and riverside). XAFS analysis showed that the mountain-slope soils contained franklinite (ZnFe₂O₄) and amorphous (e.g., sorbed) species of Zn(II), whereas the riverside sediments contained predominantly hydrozincite [Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂], sphalerite, and franklinite. The mountain-slope soils had low pH and moderate levels of total Zn (~ 1514 ppm), whereas the riverside sediments had neutral pH and higher total Zn (12,363 ppm). The absence of sphalerite and the predominance of franklinite in the mountain-slope soils are attributed to the susceptibility of sphalerite and the resistance of franklinite to dissolution at acidic pH. These results are compared to previous Zn analyses along the transportation routes, which showed that Zn-concentrate spilled along the roadside in dust and soils underwent transformation to various O-coordinated Zn species. Overall, Zn-concentrate dispersed in soils and sediments during transportation and smelting transforms into Zn phases of diverse stability and bioavailability during long-term weathering.

基于其在土壤中的形态和转化评估锌的毒性/迁移性对于维持人类和生态系统的健康至关重要。几十年来，锌精矿（56% 的锌为 ZnS，闪锌矿）一直通过海港进口并运输到锌冶炼厂，冶炼过程导致锌和硫酸在冶炼厂周围两个地球化学不同的区域空中沉积（山坡和河边）。XAFS 分析表明，山坡土壤含有富兰克林石 (ZnFe ₂ O ₄ ) 和无定形（例如吸附）的 Zn(II)，而河边沉积物主要含有水锌矿 [Zn ₅ (OH) ₆ (CO ₃ ) ₂]、闪锌矿和富兰克林石。山坡土壤的 pH 值较低，总锌含量适中（~ 1514 ppm），而河边沉积物的 pH 值为中性，总锌含量较高（12,363 ppm）。山坡土壤中闪锌矿的缺乏和富兰克林石的优势归因于闪锌矿的敏感性和富兰克林石在酸性 pH 值下对溶解的抵抗力。将这些结果与之前沿运输路线的 Zn 分析进行了比较，后者表明沿路边溢出的灰尘和土壤中的 Zn 精矿经历了转化为各种 O 配位的 Zn 物种。总体而言，在运输和冶炼过程中分散在土壤和沉积物中的锌精矿在长期风化过程中转变为具有不同稳定性和生物有效性的锌相。