While traditional buildings have demonstrated their ability to provide a comfortable indoor thermal environment and to reduce their energy consumption, their ecological and human health performances are not widely known. This paper proposes a new approach to demonstrate and optimize the environmental performances of four traditional Saharan houses through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), mainly by intervening on the roof, which is considered as an identifying element of this architecture type. This approach is based on a system of indicators, developing algorithmic equations for six impact categories, and combining environmental, morphological and climatic aspects. The results obtained demonstrated that the voutain allows very close environmental performances to those of ecological houses, that the ecological aspect of the cupola can only be revealed by coupling it with a very high thermal inertia and that it is recommended to use a large cupola roof rather than a multi and small cupola roof for better environmental performances. Morphological and technical parameters values were proposed as a support tool for ecological design, ensuring the sustainability of buildings in arid climates.

虽然传统建筑已经展示了它们提供舒适的室内热环境和减少能源消耗的能力，但它们的生态和人类健康表现并不广为人知。本文提出了一种通过生命周期评估来展示和优化四个撒哈拉传统房屋的环境性能的新方法（LCA），主要通过干预屋顶，这被认为是这种建筑类型的识别元素。这种方法基于一个指标系统，为六个影响类别开发算法方程，并结合环境、形态和气候方面。获得的结果表明，屋顶的环境性能与生态房屋的环境性能非常接近，只有通过将其与非常高的热惯性相结合才能揭示冲天炉的生态方面，建议使用大冲天炉屋顶而不是比多和小冲天屋顶更好的环保性能。提出了形态和技术参数值作为生态设计的支持工具，确保建筑物在干旱气候下的可持续性。