Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent kind of joint disease, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Allium sativum L. was used as a therapeutic agent in the microemulsion system against osteoarthritis due to allicin's high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. HPLC was used to evaluate the chemical components of the Allium sativum methanol extract. Water-in-oil (w/o) type of microemulsions loaded with Allium sativum extract was produced. To create the microemulsions, a titration approach was employed. The microemulsions were prepared using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil, Polysorbate 60, Sorbitan monolaurate 80 as surfactants, and Polyethylene glycol 400, ethanol as cosurfactants. The pH, droplet size, viscosity, polydispersity index values were measured to characterize of microemulsions. In addition, L929 healthy mouse fibroblasts and CHON-001 healthy human cartilage fibroblast cells were tested for cytocompatibility in vitro. The therapeutic potential of Allium sativum microemulsion was investigated in rats that had osteoarthritis surgically simulated. HPLC analysis revealed a significant concentration of allicin in the extract. The titration approach was used to create an A. sativum microemulsion (AS) with a narrow droplet size and PDI range. In L929 and CHON-001 cells, cytocompatibility experiments revealed that the maximum dosages of AS microemulsion 5% (v/v) exerted 93.41 ± 3.11% and 75.59 ±2.69% cell viabilities, respectively. Different concentrations of AS (1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) demonstrated cytoprotective efficacy against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage. When compared to the control group, in vivo investigations revealed fewer irregularities on the articular surface and typically arranged chondrocytes in the positive control and treated groups.

中文翻译：

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一种治疗骨关节炎的新方法：葱微乳的体外和体内评价

骨关节炎 (OA) 是最普遍的关节疾病，影响着全世界数百万人。大蒜_ 由于大蒜素的高抗氧化和抗炎作用，被用作微乳液系统中抗骨关节炎的治疗剂。高效液相色谱法用于评价大蒜甲醇提取物的化学成分。负载葱的油包水（w/o）型微乳液产生了提取物。为了产生微乳液，采用了滴定法。使用肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 (IPM) 作为油，聚山梨醇酯 60，脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯 80 作为表面活性剂，以及聚乙二醇 400，乙醇作为辅助表面活性剂来制备微乳液。测量pH、液滴尺寸、粘度、多分散指数值以表征微乳液。此外，在体外测试了 L929 健康小鼠成纤维细胞和 CHON-001 健康人软骨成纤维细胞的细胞相容性。在手术模拟骨关节炎的大鼠中研究了葱属微乳的治疗潜力。HPLC分析揭示了提取物中显着浓度的大蒜素。滴定法用于产生A. sativum微乳液 (AS) 具有较窄的液滴尺寸和 PDI 范围。在 L929 和 CHON-001 细胞中，细胞相容性实验表明，AS 微乳液 5% (v/v) 的最大剂量分别发挥了 93.41 ± 3.11% 和 75.59 ±2.69% 的细胞活力。不同浓度的 AS（1.25%、2.5% 和 5% v/v）显示出针对 H ₂ O ₂诱导的氧化损伤的细胞保护功效。与对照组相比，体内研究显示，在阳性对照组和治疗组中，关节表面的不规则性和通常排列的软骨细胞较少。