Appropriate irrigation water management has attracted a considerable degree of attention because it is crucial to guarantee water and food security worldwide. A smart irrigation system is applied for the rational use of water in agricultural fields and for maximizing crop yield. Thus, the high demand for water resources is decreased, and the adverse environmental impacts of irrigation are reduced. Different irrigation approaches were developed to reduce overirrigation by assessing the soil moisture content or crop water stress index. This paper aims to review conventional and smart irrigation technologies and discuss their effect on water savings, yield, and crop quality. The analysis of prominent studies highlighted that the water use efficiency based on soil moisture sensors depends on the volumetric moisture content threshold value set by farmers. Soil moisture sensor controllers, evapotranspiration controllers, and rain sensors have been shown to save 20%–92%, 20%–71%, and 7%–50% of water, respectively, while maintaining crop growth and quality. The optical sensor-based system showed a better ability to assess crop and soil variability in the field than the on-site measurements. The conventional controlled deficit irrigation technique was found to decrease the crop yield to less than 25% with water savings of up to 13%.

中文翻译：

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智能灌溉管理策略及其对节水和作物产量影响的综述

适当的灌溉用水管理引起了相当大的关注，因为它对于保证全世界的水和粮食安全至关重要。智能灌溉系统应用于农田合理用水和作物产量最大化。因此，减少了对水资源的高需求，减少了灌溉对环境的不利影响。开发了不同的灌溉方法，通过评估土壤水分含量或作物水分胁迫指数来减少过度灌溉。本文旨在回顾传统和智能灌溉技术，并讨论它们对节水、产量和作物质量的影响。著名研究的分析强调，基于土壤水分传感器的水分利用效率取决于农民设定的体积水分含量阈值。土壤湿度传感器控制器、蒸发蒸腾控制器和雨水传感器已被证明可以分别节水 20%–92%、20%–71% 和 7%–50%，同时保持作物生长和质量。基于光学传感器的系统显示出比现场测量更好的评估田间作物和土壤变异性的能力。发现传统的控制亏缺灌溉技术可将作物产量降低至不到 25%，而节水量高达 13%。同时保持作物生长和质量。基于光学传感器的系统显示出比现场测量更好的评估田间作物和土壤变异性的能力。发现传统的控制亏缺灌溉技术可将作物产量降低至不到 25%，而节水量高达 13%。同时保持作物生长和质量。基于光学传感器的系统显示出比现场测量更好的评估田间作物和土壤变异性的能力。发现传统的控制亏缺灌溉技术可将作物产量降低至不到 25%，而节水量高达 13%。