Extant literature on the reversal of the fair process effect has demonstrated that procedural fairness can lead to adverse reactions, such as poorer self-evaluations, under circumstances of unfavorable outcomes. However, procedural fairness resulting in failure may not necessarily be bad from a developmental perspective. The present research explores the relationship between procedural fairness and participation in development activities (PDA), the underlying mechanism, and the boundary condition of the relationship, drawing on attribution theory. Data were collected from a sample of 282 employees (M_age = 32.20, SD = 6.92). The results show that procedural fairness positively predicted PDA and that self-attribution mediated their relationship. In addition, self-construal played a moderating role in the relationship between self-attribution and PDA. Specifically, for individuals high in independent self-construal, self-attribution is associated with stronger PDA, while the relationship is nonsignificant for those high in interdependent self-construal. Overall, the findings shed light on the positive function of procedural fairness even under unfavorable outcomes and reveal how situational factors and individual differences may jointly shape peoples’ responses to organizational events. Practical implications for how to promote PDA in organizations are also discussed.

关于逆转公平过程效应的现有文献表明，在不利结果的情况下，程序公平会导致不良反应，例如较差的自我评估。然而，从发展的角度来看，导致失败的程序公平不一定是坏事。本研究利用归因理论探讨了程序公平与参与发展活动（PDA）之间的关系、潜在机制以及关系的边界条件。数据是从 282 名员工的样本中收集的（M_年龄= 32.20，SD = 6.92)。结果表明，程序公平对 PDA 有积极的预测作用，而自我归因调节了它们之间的关系。此外，自我构念在自我归因与PDA的关系中起调节作用。具体来说，对于独立自我构念高的个体，自我归因与更强的PDA相关，而对于相互依赖自我构念高的个体，这种关系并不显着。总体而言，研究结果揭示了即使在不利结果下程序公平的积极作用，并揭示了情境因素和个体差异如何共同影响人们对组织事件的反应。还讨论了如何在组织中推广 PDA 的实际意义。