ABSTRACT

Objectives

Identify associations between psychological impartments and empathy (affective and cognitive domains) in paid and unpaid caregivers of older people.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed in the Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase databases using the search terms “Empathy,” “Caregiver,” “Depression,” “Burnout,” Anxiety”, Caregiver Burden” and “Psychological Stresses” and the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD: 42,021,267,276).

Results

Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Most studies involved the participation of unpaid caregivers. Higher levels of empathy were associated with greater psychological impairment. Regarding affective empathy, direct associations were found with depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. In contrast, high levels of cognitive empathy were associated with fewer depressive symptoms as well as less stress and burnout syndrome.

Conclusions

An association was found between greater affective empathy and psychological impairment in caregivers of older people. Higher levels of cognitive empathy can help minimize psychological concerns.

Clinical implications

Working on empathic ability among caregivers of older people in different environments can contribute positively to the emotional impact of caregiving. Moreover, empathetic cognitive training among caregivers can serve as a strategy to minimize the negative consequences of the impact of caregiving.

中文翻译：

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与老年人有偿和无偿护理人员同理心相关的心理问题：系统评价

 抽象的

 目标

确定老年人有偿和无偿护理人员的心理影响和同理心（情感和认知领域）之间的关联。

 方法

对文献进行了系统回顾。使用搜索词“同理心”、“看护者”、“抑郁”、“倦怠”、“焦虑”、“看护者负担”和“心理压力”在 Pubmed、Web of Science、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Embase 数据库中进行搜索，布尔运算符“AND”和“OR”。对语言或出版年份没有限制。该评论已在 PROSPERO 中注册（CRD：42,021,267,276）。

 结果

十二篇文章符合纳入标准并纳入本次审查。大多数研究都涉及无偿护理人员的参与。较高水平的同理心与较大的心理障碍相关。关于情感同理心，发现与抑郁症状、焦虑和压力有直接关联。相比之下，高水平的认知同理心与较少的抑郁症状以及较少的压力和倦怠综合症相关。

 结论

研究发现，老年人的照顾者的情感同理心增强与心理障碍之间存在关联。更高水平的认知同理心可以帮助最大限度地减少心理担忧。

 临床意义

在不同环境中提高老年人护理人员的共情能力可以对护理的情感影响产生积极的影响。此外，护理人员之间的同理心认知训练可以作为一种策略，最大限度地减少护理影响的负面后果。