While increasing evidence suggests a determining role of urban rail transit in shaping and transforming cities and neighbourhoods, empirical studies on the simultaneous development of rail infrastructure and neighbourhood change are scarce. This paper attempts to evaluate the neighbourhood changes around rail transit stations as well as provide a possible explanation of how neighbourhoods can be differently affected by the presence of rail stations. Based on a longitudinal dataset (2006–2016) and using a mixed-method approach, a comparative analysis of six stations of the Tehran Metro Rail System is conducted between the high-income neighbourhoods and low-income neighbourhoods of the city. The Difference-in-Differences analysis yields that the northern high-income neighbourhoods and the southern low-income neighbourhoods of Tehran have experienced a heterogeneous model of changes in terms of demographic, housing, and land-use factors. In addition, the semi-structured interviews indicate that the heterogenous estimated changes in neighbourhoods around the case-study stations could be explained by the contextual factors of the northern and southern host neighbourhoods in Tehran including socio-cultural changes (social factors), land-use changes (physical factors) and the need for public transportation (transportation factors).

虽然越来越多的证据表明城市轨道交通在塑造和改造城市和社区方面具有决定性作用，但关于铁路基础设施和社区变化同时发展的实证研究却很少。本文试图评估轨道交通车站周围的邻里变化，并提供一个可能的解释，即邻里如何因火车站的存在而受到不同的影响。基于纵向数据集（2006-2016）并使用混合方法，对德黑兰地铁系统的六个车站在城市的高收入社区和低收入社区之间进行了比较分析。差异差异分析得出德黑兰北部高收入社区和南部低收入社区在人口、住房和土地使用因素方面经历了异质的变化模型。此外，半结构化访谈表明，案例研究站周围社区的异质估计变化可以用德黑兰北部和南部东道社区的背景因素来解释，包括社会文化变化（社会因素）、土地-使用变化（物理因素）和对公共交通的需求（交通因素）。