Flanking structures are deflections of an existing planar fabric (e.g., foliation) alongside a cross-cutting element (e.g., a vein) that can develop in a wide range of rock types and glacier ice. Nearly all published examples of flanking structures are interpreted to have formed either under simple shear or transpressional general shear, although theoretically they should also form under transtensional general shear. This paper describes the geometry and development of transtensional flanking structures in glacial ice of the Pasterze, Austria's largest alpine valley glacier. The cross-cutting elements are a few metres long and are interpreted as fractures that rotate into the shear flow and consequently accommodate anti- and synthetic offset, forming a- and s-type flanking folds. However, shear bands, with co-shearing cross-cutting elements inclined against the shear flow, are absent. The geometries of the mapped structures are successfully reproduced with a semi-analytical modified Eshelby solution for a frictionless cross-cutting element embedded in a linear viscous medium deforming under a remote transtensional sub-simple shear. The geometry of the mapped flanking folds, the absence of shear bands, the spatial variation of cross-cutting element orientations and the geometry of the glacier's splaying crevasses are consistent with two-dimensional transtensional sub-simple shear caused by down-glacier valley widening.

侧翼结构是现有平面结构（例如，叶状结构）在横切元素（例如，脉）旁边的偏转，可以在广泛的岩石类型和冰川冰中发展。几乎所有已发表的侧翼结构示例都被解释为在简单剪切或横向一般剪切下形成，尽管理论上它们也应该在横向一般剪切下形成。本文描述了奥地利最大的高山山谷冰川 Pasterze 冰川冰中横向张拉结构的几何形状和发展。横切元件长几米，被解释为裂缝，旋转进入剪切流，因此适应反和合成偏移，形成 a 型和 s 型侧面褶皱。然而，剪切带，不存在与剪切流倾斜的共同剪切横切元件。映射结构的几何形状通过半解析改进的 Eshelby 解决方案成功再现，该解决方案用于嵌入线性粘性介质中的无摩擦横切元件，在远程横向拉伸亚简单剪切下变形。映射的侧翼褶皱的几何形状、剪切带的缺失、横切元素方向的空间变化以及冰川张开裂缝的几何形状与冰川下谷加宽引起的二维横切亚简单剪切一致。映射结构的几何形状通过半解析改进的 Eshelby 解决方案成功再现，该解决方案用于嵌入线性粘性介质中的无摩擦横切元件，在远程横向拉伸亚简单剪切下变形。映射的侧翼褶皱的几何形状、剪切带的缺失、横切元素方向的空间变化以及冰川张开裂缝的几何形状与冰川下谷加宽引起的二维横切亚简单剪切一致。映射结构的几何形状通过半解析改进的 Eshelby 解决方案成功再现，该解决方案用于嵌入线性粘性介质中的无摩擦横切元件，在远程横向拉伸亚简单剪切下变形。映射的侧翼褶皱的几何形状、剪切带的缺失、横切元素方向的空间变化以及冰川张开裂缝的几何形状与冰川下谷加宽引起的二维横切亚简单剪切一致。