This study identifies determinants of commute time dissonance between actual and desired commute times and commute satisfaction to clarify the role of commute time dissonance in determining commute satisfaction. We hypothesize that (1) commute time dissonance is not a simple determinants of commute satisfaction, but a complicated measure affected by various factors, and (2) commute time dissonance could be a mediator accounting for the relation between explanatory variables and commute satisfaction. Two specific measures (gap and ratio) of commute time dissonance are newly defined. Due to non-randomly selected cases in our sample (only dissatisfied commuters reported their desired commute time in the survey), we employ a sample selection (SS) modeling approach, incorporating socio-economic traits, travel characteristics, lifestyle, and perceptions on neighborhoods as explanatory variables. The result shows that two parts of the SS model—selection (commute satisfaction) and outcome (commute time dissonance) models—share key variables, including commute characteristics, lifestyle, and perceptions on neighborhood. It implies that commute time dissonance can play a role as a mediator in explaining commute satisfaction; thus, further statistical controls to correctly estimate impacts of determinants on commute satisfaction are required. We believe that our findings and implications are worthwhile to deepen the understanding of travel satisfaction and the role of travel time dissonance in the context of commuting.

本研究确定了实际通勤时间和期望通勤时间与通勤满意度之间的通勤时间不协调的决定因素，以阐明通勤时间不协调在确定通勤满意度中的作用。我们假设（1）通勤时间不协调不是通勤满意度的简单决定因素，而是受各种因素影响的复杂度量；（2）通勤时间不协调可能是解释变量与通勤满意度之间关系的中介。两个具体措施（差距和比率) 的通勤时间失调是新定义的。由于我们样本中的非随机选择案例（只有不满意的通勤者在调查中报告了他们期望的通勤时间），我们采用了样本选择（SS）建模方法，结合了社会经济特征、旅行特征、生活方式和对社区的看法作为解释变量。结果表明，SS 模型的两个部分——选择（通勤满意度）和结果（通勤时间不协调）模型——共享关键变量，包括通勤特征、生活方式和对邻里的看法。这意味着通勤时间不协调在解释通勤满意度方面可以起到中介作用；因此，需要进一步的统计控制来正确估计决定因素对通勤满意度的影响。