There is a long-standing debate in philosophy and the social sciences about how selfishness and cooperation function in dyadic social exchanges. Dyads are the foundation of our social lives, and reciprocity has long been considered the dominant strategy for dyadic interactions. We will argue the repertoire of human behavior during social exchanges ranges from punishment to generosity, and that the nuances of the relationship and interaction will dictate which behavior is likely to occur. We will examine emotional consequences of punishment, reciprocity, and forgiveness in long-term dyadic social exchanges. Finally, we argue that dyads move beyond reciprocity to a more forgiving, generous strategy to reestablish cooperation, and continue the relationship when noncooperation arises, once the motivations shift has occurred.

中文翻译：

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超越互惠：持续的二元互动中的宽恕、慷慨和惩罚

关于自私与合作如何在二元社会交流中发挥作用，哲学和社会科学存在长期争论。对偶是我们社交生活的基础，长期以来，互惠一直被认为是对偶互动的主要策略。我们将争辩说，社会交流中人类行为的全部范围从惩罚到慷慨，并且关系和互动的细微差别将决定哪些行为可能发生。我们将研究长期二元社会交流中惩罚、互惠和宽恕的情感后果。最后，我们认为，一旦发生动机转变，当不合作出现时，二元组会超越互惠，采取更宽容、更慷慨的策略来重建合作，并继续保持这种关系。