Higher education institutions (HEIs) strive to meet international students' needs and expectations regarding their learning environments. Current literature covers a wide range of needs, expectations, and HEIs' responses. However, there doesn't seem to be a consensus about the needs and expectations to be addressed. A coherent theoretical framework may help HEIs identify areas of need and provide additional resources and comprehensive services. We performed a systematic review to obtain an overview of international students' needs, expectations, and experiences regarding their learning environments as described in the literature. We categorized students' perspectives into dimensions. Subsequently, we investigated whether these dimensions related to the three key domains outlined in the theoretical framework and the coverage of these key domains by HEIs. Sixty-three studies were eligible for inclusion. We identified 18 dimensions of international students' needs, expectations, and experiences that could be mapped onto the framework. Based on these results, the content of the three domains could be summarized as goal direction, relationships, and supporting services. Thirteen studies covered one domain, 14 covered two domains, and 36 covered three domains. To provide optimal support, HEIs should cover all three domains. Our study may help to better understand and optimize learning environments for international students.

高等教育机构 (HEIs) 努力满足国际学生对其学习环境的需求和期望。当前的文献涵盖了广泛的需求、期望和高等教育机构的反应。但是，对于要解决的需求和期望似乎没有达成共识。一个连贯的理论框架可以帮助高等教育机构确定需要的领域并提供额外的资源和全面的服务。我们进行了系统审查，以了解国际学生对学习环境的需求、期望和经验，如文献中所述。我们将学生的观点分为多个维度。随后，我们调查了这些维度是否与理论框架中概述的三个关键领域以及高等教育机构对这些关键领域的覆盖有关。63 项研究符合纳入条件。我们确定了可以映射到框架中的国际学生需求、期望和经验的 18 个维度。基于这些结果，三个领域的内容可以概括为目标方向、关系和支持服务。13 项研究涵盖一个领域，14 项涵盖两个领域，36 项涵盖三个领域。为提供最佳支持，高等教育机构应涵盖所有三个领域。我们的研究可能有助于更好地理解和优化国际学生的学习环境。我们确定了可以映射到框架中的国际学生需求、期望和经验的 18 个维度。基于这些结果，三个领域的内容可以概括为目标方向、关系和支持服务。13 项研究涵盖一个领域，14 项涵盖两个领域，36 项涵盖三个领域。为提供最佳支持，高等教育机构应涵盖所有三个领域。我们的研究可能有助于更好地理解和优化国际学生的学习环境。我们确定了可以映射到框架中的国际学生需求、期望和经验的 18 个维度。基于这些结果，三个领域的内容可以概括为目标方向、关系和支持服务。13 项研究涵盖一个领域，14 项涵盖两个领域，36 项涵盖三个领域。为提供最佳支持，高等教育机构应涵盖所有三个领域。我们的研究可能有助于更好地理解和优化国际学生的学习环境。为提供最佳支持，高等教育机构应涵盖所有三个领域。我们的研究可能有助于更好地理解和优化国际学生的学习环境。为提供最佳支持，高等教育机构应涵盖所有三个领域。我们的研究可能有助于更好地理解和优化国际学生的学习环境。