As a woody grass, bamboo has special reproductive habits with an extremely long vegetative phase. Pleioblastus pygmaeus is a kind of ornamental dwarf bamboo species with high ecological and economic value in China. There was no documentary record of the flowering of P. pygmaeus until 2015, which bloomed in the Bamboo Garden of Nanjing Forestry University. Generally, bamboo plants rarely bear fruit or have a low seed setting rate, but this species has a high seed production. This study explores developmental reasons using anatomical methods. The process of flower bud differentiation and a series of important reproductive development processes including anther wall development, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, male and female gametophyte development, and embryonic development were investigated sequentially. Each stamen contained three tetrasporangiate anthers and the development of anther wall was of Monocotyledonous type. The microspores finally matured into 3-celled pollen grains by two successive mitoses. The pistil was composed of three carpels, with an anatropous, tenuinucellate and bitegmic ovule in a single ovary. The formation of embryo sac belonged to Polygonum type. With three mitoses, functional megaspore developed into the embryo sac with eight nuclei within seven cells. The development of stamen and pistil was synchronous in the same floret. The development of embryo followed Grass type and the development of endosperm belonged to Nuclear type. The development of endosperm was earlier than that of embryo. The study enriches basic knowledge of reproductive biology of bamboo plants and is of great fundamental significance to furtherly explore flowering mechanism of P. pygmaeus and to cultivate bamboo plants sustainably.

竹子作为木本草本植物，具有特殊的繁殖习性，营养期极长。苦竹是我国具有较高生态价值和经济价值的观赏矮竹品种。没有P. pygmaeus开花的文献记录直到2015年，在南京林业大学竹园盛开。一般来说，竹子很少结果或结实率低，但这个品种的种子产量很高。本研究使用解剖学方法探索发育原因。依次研究了花芽分化过程和一系列重要的生殖发育过程，包括花药壁发育、小孢子发生、大孢子发生、雌雄配子体发育和胚胎发育。每个雄蕊含有三个四孢子囊花药，花药壁发育为单子叶植物型。小孢子通过两次连续的有丝分裂最终成熟为三细胞花粉粒。雌蕊由三个心皮组成，具有倒生的，单子房内有细珠珠状胚珠和双胚珠。胚囊的形成属于何首乌型。通过三个有丝分裂，功能性大孢子发育成在七个细胞内具有八个细胞核的胚囊。同一朵小花的雄蕊和雌蕊的发育是同步的。胚发育为草型，胚乳发育为核型。胚乳的发育早于胚。该研究丰富了竹类植物生殖生物学的基础知识，对进一步探究竹类植物的开花机制具有重要的基础意义。胚发育为草型，胚乳发育为核型。胚乳的发育早于胚。该研究丰富了竹类植物生殖生物学的基础知识，对进一步探究竹类植物的开花机制具有重要的基础意义。胚发育为草型，胚乳发育为核型。胚乳的发育早于胚。该研究丰富了竹类植物生殖生物学的基础知识，对进一步探究竹类植物的开花机制具有重要的基础意义。P. _ pygmaeus和可持续地种植竹子植物。