Urban green spaces (UGSs) are important elements of urban landscapes. Woody vegetation is a key component of UGSs, providing many socio-ecological benefits such as habitat provision and human well-being. Knowing plant diversity and vegetation configuration that underpin urban ecosystem processes and functions is critical to maximize nature contributions to city dwellers. Here, we present a well-replicated multi-city study showing a detailed description of taxonomic and structural diversity of woody vegetation in 225 UGSs distributed across seven European cities along a NE-SW gradient. Our aim was to understand how UGSs attributes, including size and fragmentation, influence woody vegetation features. A total of 418 woody species belonging to 76 families were identified. UGS size displayed weak positive correlations with woody species richness, but a strong negative correlation with woody species density. Alien woody species were abundant in all cities (from 40% of all species recorded in Antwerp to 64% in Lisbon and Zurich). Among the native tree species we found a predominance of Pinus spp. in southern cities and Acer spp. in cooler climates. On average, tree canopies extent was 56% of UGSs. This paper provides insights on the plant diversity and woody vegetation composition in UGSs of different size, climate and urban planning history. Our results encourage and contribute to future urban ecology studies involving different taxa and ecosystem services as well as support effective urban planning and management practices.

城市绿地（UGS）是城市景观的重要组成部分。木本植被是 UGS 的关键组成部分，可提供许多社会生态效益，例如提供栖息地和人类福祉。了解支撑城市生态系统过程和功能的植物多样性和植被配置对于最大限度地为城市居民做出自然贡献至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一项复制良好的多城市研究，详细描述了分布在 NE-SW 梯度的七个欧洲城市的 225 个 UGS 中木本植被的分类和结构多样性。我们的目的是了解 UGS 的属性（包括大小和碎片）如何影响木本植被特征。共鉴定出木本植物76科418种。UGS 大小与木本物种丰富度呈弱正相关，但与木本物种密度呈强负相关。所有城市的外来木本物种都很丰富（从安特卫普记录的所有物种的 40% 到里斯本和苏黎世的 64%）。在本土树种中，我们发现松属 在南部城市和Acer spp。在较冷的气候中。平均而言，树冠范围是 UGS 的 56%。本文提供了对不同规模、气候和城市规划历史的地下储气库中植物多样性和木本植被组成的见解。我们的结果鼓励并有助于未来涉及不同分类群和生态系统服务的城市生态学研究，并支持有效的城市规划和管理实践。