Simulations of solid–liquid flow on industrial scales are feasible within the Euler-Euler / RANS approach. The reliability of this approach depends largely on the closure models applied to describe the unresolved phenomena at the particle scale, in particular the interfacial forces. In this work, a set of closure models reviewed previously for this kind of application (Shi and Rzehak, 2020) is further validated by comparing the predictions to a recent experiment on stirred-tank flows (Sommer et al., 2021), which focuses on dilute suspensions. The dataset used for validation comprises 14 different experimental cases, covering a wide range of particle Reynolds number, impeller Reynolds number, and particle Stokes number. For each case, simulation results on the solid velocity and volume fraction as well as liquid velocity and turbulence are compared with the experimental data. It turns out that by and large the experimental data are reasonably well reproduced. However, the measurements show a small but clear effect of modulation of the liquid phase turbulence by the particles. Therefore, several particle-induced turbulence (PIT) models based on the available literature are assessed as well. Our results indicate a reduction in the predicted fluctuations by all PIT models, which improves the results in cases with turbulence suppression but deteriorates those with turbulence augmentation.

在 Euler-Euler / RANS 方法中，工业规模的固液流动模拟是可行的。这种方法的可靠性很大程度上取决于用于描述粒子尺度上未解决现象的闭合模型，特别是界面力。在这项工作中，通过将预测与最近的搅拌罐流实验（Sommer 等人，2021 年）进行比较，进一步验证了一组先前针对此类应用审查的封闭模型（Shi 和 Rzehak，2020 年），该实验侧重于在稀释的悬浮液上。用于验证的数据集包括 14 个不同的实验案例，涵盖了广泛的粒子雷诺数、叶轮雷诺数和粒子斯托克斯数。对于每种情况，将固体速度和体积分数以及液体速度和湍流的模拟结果与实验数据进行了比较。事实证明，总的来说，实验数据得到了相当好的再现。然而，测量结果表明颗粒对液相湍流的调制效果很小但很明显。因此，还评估了基于现有文献的几种粒子诱导湍流 (PIT) 模型。我们的结果表明所有 PIT 模型的预测波动减少，这在湍流抑制的情况下改善了结果，但在湍流增强的情况下恶化。测量结果表明颗粒对液相湍流的调制效果很小但很明显。因此，还评估了基于现有文献的几种粒子诱导湍流 (PIT) 模型。我们的结果表明所有 PIT 模型的预测波动减少，这在湍流抑制的情况下改善了结果，但在湍流增强的情况下恶化。测量结果表明颗粒对液相湍流的调制效果很小但很明显。因此，还评估了基于现有文献的几种粒子诱导湍流 (PIT) 模型。我们的结果表明所有 PIT 模型的预测波动减少，这在湍流抑制的情况下改善了结果，但在湍流增强的情况下恶化。