In this paper, a long-term large-scale Saharan dust transport event which occurred between 14 and 27 June 2020 is tracked with the spaceborne lidars ALADIN (Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument) and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) together with ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model) analysis. We evaluate the performance of ALADIN and CALIOP on the observations of dust optical properties and wind fields and explore the possibility of tracking the dust events and calculating the dust mass advection with the combination of satellite and model data. The dust plumes are identified with the AIRS/Aqua Dust Score Index and with the vertical feature mask product from CALIOP. The emission, dispersion, transport and deposition of the dust event are monitored using the data from AIRS/Aqua, CALIOP and HYSPLIT. With the quasi-synchronized observations by ALADIN and CALIOP, combined with the wind field and relative humidity, the dust advection values are calculated. From this study, it is found that the dust event generated on 14 and 15 June 2020 from the Sahara in North Africa dispersed and moved westward over the Atlantic Ocean, finally being deposited in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Americas and the Caribbean Sea. During the transport and deposition processes, the dust plumes are trapped in the northeasterly trade-wind zone between latitudes of 5^∘ and 30^∘ N and altitudes of 0 and 6 km. Aeolus provided the observations of the dynamics of this dust transport event in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). From the measurement results on 19 June 2020, the dust plumes are captured quasi-simultaneously over the emission region (Western Sahara), the transport region (middle Atlantic) and the deposition region (western Atlantic) individually, which indicates that the dust plume area over the Atlantic on the morning of this day is quite enormous and that this dust transport event is massive and extensive. The quasi-synchronization observation results of 15, 16, 19, 24 and 27 June by ALADIN and CALIOP during the entire transport process show good agreement with the Dust Score Index data and the HYSPLIT trajectories, which indicates that the transport process of the same dust event is tracked by ALADIN and CALIOP, verifies that the dust transport spent around 2 weeks from the emission to the deposition and achieved the respective observations of this dust event's emission phase, development phase, transport phase, descent phase and deposition phase. Finally, the advection values for different dust parts and heights on 19 June and on the entire transport routine during transportation are computed. On 19 June, the mean dust advection values are about 1.91±1.21 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ over the emission region, 1.38±1.28 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ over the transport region and $\mathrm{0.75}\pm \mathrm{0.68}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ over the deposition region. In the whole lifetime of the dust event, the mean dust advection values were about $\mathrm{1.51}\pm \mathrm{1.03}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ on 15 June 2020, $\mathrm{2.19}\pm \mathrm{1.72}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ on 16 June 2020, $\mathrm{1.38}\pm \mathrm{1.28}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ on 19 June 2020, $\mathrm{1.60}\pm \mathrm{1.08}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ on 24 June 2020 and $\mathrm{1.03}\pm \mathrm{0.60}\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$ on 27 June 2020. During the dust development stage, the mean advection values gradually increased and reached their maximum on 16 June with the enhancement of the dust event. Then, the mean advection values decreased during the transport and the deposition of the dust over the Atlantic Ocean, the Americas and the Caribbean Sea.

中文翻译：

---

使用星载激光雷达 ALADIN 和 CALIOP 以及模型再分析数据进行灰尘传输和平流测量

在本文中，使用星载激光雷达 ALADIN（大气激光多普勒仪器）和 CALIOP（正交偏振云气溶胶激光雷达）与 ECMWF 一起跟踪了 2020 年 6 月 14 日至 27 日之间发生的长期大规模撒哈拉沙尘传输事件（欧洲中期预测中心）和 HYSPLIT（混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型）分析。我们评估了 ALADIN 和 CALIOP 在尘埃光学性质和风场观测上的表现，并探索了结合卫星和模型数据跟踪尘埃事件和计算尘埃质量平流的可能性。灰尘羽流通过 AIRS/Aqua Dust Score Index 和 CALIOP 的垂直功能面罩产品进行识别。发射、分散、使用来自 AIRS/Aqua、CALIOP 和 HYSPLIT 的数据监测沙尘事件的传输和沉积。通过ALADIN和CALIOP的准同步观测，结合风场和相对湿度，计算出沙尘平流值。研究发现，2020 年 6 月 14 日至 15 日，北非撒哈拉沙漠产生的沙尘事件在大西洋上空分散并向西移动，最终沉积在西大西洋、美洲和加勒比海。在运输和沉降过程中，尘羽被困在纬度之间的东北信风带。计算尘埃平流值。研究发现，2020 年 6 月 14 日至 15 日，北非撒哈拉沙漠产生的沙尘事件在大西洋上空分散并向西移动，最终沉积在西大西洋、美洲和加勒比海。在运输和沉降过程中，尘羽被困在纬度之间的东北信风带。计算尘埃平流值。研究发现，2020 年 6 月 14 日至 15 日，北非撒哈拉沙漠产生的沙尘事件在大西洋上空分散并向西移动，最终沉积在西大西洋、美洲和加勒比海。在运输和沉降过程中，尘羽被困在纬度之间的东北信风带。5 ^∘和30 ^∘ N 和 0 和 6 公里的高度。Aeolus 提供了对撒哈拉空气层 (SAL) 中这种沙尘传输事件动态的观察。从 2020 年 6 月 19 日的测量结果来看，在排放区（西撒哈拉）、运输区（中大西洋）和沉降区（西大西洋）分别准同时捕获到尘羽，这表明尘羽区域这一天早上在大西洋上空是非常巨大的，而且这次沙尘运输事件是大规模的和广泛的。ALADIN和CALIOP在6月15日、16日、19日、24日和27日在整个运输过程中的准同步观测结果与尘埃指数数据和HYSPLIT轨迹吻合良好，表明同一尘埃的运输过程事件由 ALADIN 和 CALIOP 跟踪，验证了沙尘运输从排放到沉降大约需要2周时间，并实现了本次沙尘事件的排放阶段、发展阶段、传输阶段、下降阶段和沉降阶段的各自观测。最后，计算了 6 月 19 日不同沙尘部分和高度以及整个运输过程中的平流值。6 月 19 日，平均沙尘平流值约为1.91±1.21  mg m ^-2  s ^-1在发射区， 1.38±1.28  mg m ^-2  s ^-1在传输区和$\mathrm{0.75}\pm \mathrm{0.68}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$在沉积区域上。在沙尘事件的整个生命周期中，平均沙尘平流值约为$\mathrm{1.51}\pm \mathrm{1.03}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$2020 年 6 月 15 日，$\mathrm{2.19}\pm \mathrm{1.72}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$2020 年 6 月 16 日，$\mathrm{1.38}\pm \mathrm{1.28}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$2020 年 6 月 19 日，$\mathrm{1.60}\pm \mathrm{1.08}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$2020 年 6 月 24 日和$\mathrm{1.03}\pm \mathrm{0.60}\mathrm{毫克}{\mathrm{米}}^{-\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-\mathrm{1}}$2020 年 6 月 27 日。在沙尘发展阶段，随着沙尘事件的加强，平均平流值逐渐增加，并在 6 月 16 日达到最大值。然后，在大西洋、美洲和加勒比海的尘埃运输和沉积过程中，平均平流值下降。