当前位置: X-MOL 学术Atmos. Chem. Phys. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Continental thunderstorm ground enhancement observed at an exceptionally low altitude
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 , DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-7959-2022
Ivana Kolmašová , Ondřej Santolík , Jakub Šlegl , Jana Popová , Zbyněk Sokol , Petr Zacharov , Ondřej Ploc , Gerhard Diendorfer , Ronald Langer , Radek Lán , Igor Strhárský

Two long-lasting thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) events were registered at the Milešovka meteorological observatory in Czechia (50.55 N, 13.93 E; 837 m altitude) on 23 April 2018, during linearly organized thunderstorms. Two intervals of increased photon counts were detected by a plastic scintillator, respectively lasting 70 and 25 min and reaching 31 % and 48 % above the background radiation levels. Using numerical simulations, we verified that the observed increases in count rates are consistent with the energy spectrum of previously observed TGEs. We investigated the relevant data from a suite of meteorological instruments, a Ka-band cloud radar, an electric field mill, and a broadband electromagnetic receiver, all placed at the Milešovka observatory, in order to analyse the context in which these unique continental TGEs occurred at an exceptionally low altitude. The onset of the TGEs preceded the onset of precipitation by 10 and 3 min, respectively, for the two events. Both this delayed rain arrival and an energy threshold of 6.5 MeV for registered particles clearly exclude the detection the decay products of the radon progeny washout during the TGE intervals. At the same time, the European lightning detection network EUCLID detected numerous predominantly negative intracloud lightning discharges at distances closer than 5 km from the particle detector, while the occurrence of cloud-to-ground discharges was suppressed. The cloud radar recorded presence of graupel below the melting level, and the composition of hydrometeors suggested good conditions for cloud electrification. The observed variations in the near-surface electric field were unusual, with very brief negative-electric-field excursions reaching 20 kV in a quick succession. At the same time, sub-microsecond unipolar pulses emitted by close corona discharges saturated the broadband magnetic loop antenna. All these measurements indicate that a strong lower positive-charge region was present inside the thundercloud. The bottom thundercloud dipole was probably responsible for acceleration of the seed electrons in the air. These seed electrons might originate in the secondary cosmic ray particles but could also come from a high concentration of radon in the air collected during the propagation of the convective system above the uranium-rich soils before the thunderstorms overpassed the Milešovka observatory.

中文翻译:

在异常低的高度观察到大陆雷暴地面增强

捷克米勒索夫卡气象台记录到两次持久的雷暴地面增强(TGE)事件(50.55  N,13.93  E; 837 m 高度)于 2018 年 4 月 23 日,在线性组织的雷暴期间。塑料闪烁体检测到两个光子计数增加的间隔,分别持续 70 分钟和 25 分钟,分别比背景辐射水平高出 31% 和 48%。使用数值模拟,我们验证了观察到的计数率增加与先前观察到的 TGE 的能谱一致。我们调查了来自米勒索夫卡天文台的一套气象仪器、Ka 波段云雷达、电场磨和宽带电磁接收器的相关数据,以分析这些独特的大陆 TGE 发生的背景在异常低的高度。对于这两个事件,TGE 的开始分别比降水的开始早 10 分钟和 3 分钟。这种延迟的降雨到达和登记粒子的 6.5 MeV 能量阈值都清楚地排除了在 TGE 间隔期间检测氡子体冲刷的衰变产物。同时,欧洲闪电探测网络 EUCLID 在距离粒子探测器 5 公里以内的距离处检测到大量主要为负的云内闪电放电,同时抑制了云对地放电的发生。云雷达记录到在融化水平以下存在霰,水凝物的成分表明云带电的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 注册粒子的 5 MeV 明确排除了在 TGE 间隔期间检测氡子体冲刷的衰变产物。同时,欧洲闪电探测网络 EUCLID 在距离粒子探测器 5 公里以内的距离处检测到大量主要为负的云内闪电放电,同时抑制了云对地放电的发生。云雷达记录到在融化水平以下存在霰,水凝物的成分表明云带电的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 注册粒子的 5 MeV 明确排除了在 TGE 间隔期间检测氡子体冲刷的衰变产物。同时,欧洲闪电探测网络 EUCLID 在距离粒子探测器 5 公里以内的距离处检测到大量主要为负的云内闪电放电,同时抑制了云对地放电的发生。云雷达记录到在融化水平以下存在霰,水凝物的成分表明云带电的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 欧洲闪电探测网络 EUCLID 在距离粒子探测器 5 公里以内的距离处检测到大量主要为负的云内闪电放电,同时抑制了云对地放电的发生。云雷达记录到在融化水平以下存在霰,水凝物的成分表明云带电的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 欧洲闪电探测网络 EUCLID 在距离粒子探测器 5 公里以内的距离处检测到大量主要为负的云内闪电放电,同时抑制了云对地放电的发生。云雷达记录到在融化水平以下存在霰,水凝物的成分表明云带电的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 水凝物的组成表明云电气化的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 水凝物的组成表明云电气化的良好条件。观察到的近地表电场变化不寻常,非常短暂的负电场偏移达到 20 kV 快速连续。同时,近距离电晕放电发出的亚微秒单极脉冲使宽带磁环天线饱和。所有这些测量结果表明,雷云内部存在一个强的低正电荷区域。底部的雷云偶极子可能是空气中种子电子加速的原因。这些种子电子可能来自次级宇宙射线粒子,但也可能来自在雷暴越过米勒索夫卡天文台之前,富铀土壤上方的对流系统传播过程中收集的空气中的高浓度氡。
更新日期:2022-06-20
down
wechat
bug