There has been some controversy about the relationship between wisdom and constructs of the well-being complex. Some wisdom researchers argue that the ability to maintain a high level of well-being, even in the face of very negative experiences, is a core characteristic of wisdom. Other researchers argue that the willingness of wise people to reflect on the darker sides of life might jeopardize well-being. Studies mostly found moderate positive correlations of well-being with self-report wisdom measures and negative, zero, or low positive correlations with open-ended measures of wisdom. This paper tests the hypothesis that the relationship between wisdom and well-being is triangular rather than linear, with highly wise people being high in well-being, but people high in well-being not necessarily being highly wise. A sample of 155 participants (age 23 to 90 years) completed four wisdom measures and three measures from the well-being complex. We analyzed both linear relationships (using correlations) and triangular relationships (using Necessary Condition Analysis). Correlations of well-being with open-ended measures of wisdom were mostly insignificant; correlations with self-report measures of wisdom were mostly significant. However, scatterplots showed the expected triangular relationships and Necessary Condition Analysis indicated medium to large effect sizes for both open-ended and self-report wisdom measures. In sum, our findings show that even if wise individuals think more deeply about difficult aspects of the human existence, they are still able to maintain high levels of well-being.

关于智慧与幸福复合体结构之间的关系存在一些争议。一些智慧研究人员认为，即使面对非常消极的经历，也能保持高度的幸福感，这是智慧的核心特征。其他研究人员认为，聪明人愿意反思生活的阴暗面可能会危及幸福。研究大多发现幸福感与自我报告的智慧测量呈中度正相关，与开放式智慧测量呈负、零或低正相关。本文检验了智慧与幸福之间的关系是三角形而非线性关系的假设，高智慧的人幸福感高，但幸福感高的人不一定聪明。155 名参与者（年龄 23 至 90 岁）的样本完成了四项智慧测量和三项来自幸福综合体的测量。我们分析了线性关系（使用相关性）和三角关系（使用必要条件分析）。幸福感与开放式智慧测量的相关性大多不显着。与自我报告的智慧测量的相关性大多是显着的。然而，散点图显示了预期的三角关系，必要条件分析显示了开放式和自我报告智慧测量的中到大效应量。总之，我们的研究结果表明，即使聪明人更深入地思考人类生存的困难方面，他们仍然能够保持高水平的幸福感。