Experimental exposures aimed at assessing the risks posed by estrogens in waste-water treatment work (WwTW) effluents to fish populations have rarely considered whether populations differ in their sensitivity to estrogenic compounds. This is despite evidence that selection at genes involved in the estrogen response has occurred in wild populations, and evidence that genotype can influence estrogen-response. In this study we compare the effects of a two-year exposure to a low measured concentration (1.3 ng/L) of ethinylestradiol (EE2) on the sexual development of roach (Rutilus rutilus) whose parental generation was sampled from two river stretches heavily contaminated with WwTW effluent and from two without any known WwTW effluent contamination. Exposure to EE2 significantly reduced the proportion of genetic males and induced a range of feminized phenotypes in males. Significantly, exposure also increased the proportion of genetic females with vitellogenic oocytes from 51 to 96%, raising the possibility that estrogen pollution could impact populations of annually spawning fish species through advancing female reproduction by at least a year. However, there was no evidence that river origin affected sensitivity to estrogens in either sex. Thus, we conclude that chronic exposure to low level EE2 has reproductive health outcomes for both male and female roach, but we find no evidence that the nature or magnitude of the response is affected by the population origin.

旨在评估废水处理工作 (WwTW) 废水中雌激素对鱼类种群构成的风险的实验暴露很少考虑种群对雌激素化合物的敏感性是否存在差异。尽管有证据表明参与雌激素反应的基因选择发生在野生种群中，并且有证据表明基因型可以影响雌激素反应。在这项研究中，我们比较了两年暴露于低测量浓度 (1.3 ng/L) 的炔雌醇 (EE2) 对蟑螂 ( Rutilus rut ​​ilus) 性发育的影响。) 其父代是从两条被 WwTW 污水严重污染的河流和两条没有任何已知的 WwTW 污水污染的河流中取样的。暴露于 EE2 显着降低了遗传男性的比例，并在男性中诱导了一系列女性化表型。值得注意的是，暴露还使具有卵黄卵母细胞的遗传雌性卵母细胞的比例从 51% 增加到 96%，这增加了雌激素污染可能通过将雌性繁殖提前至少一年来影响每年产卵鱼类种群的可能性。然而，没有证据表明河流起源会影响任何性别对雌激素的敏感性。因此，我们得出结论，长期暴露于低水平 EE2 对雄性和雌性蟑螂都有生殖健康结果，