Solids such as soils and sediments contaminated with per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) from exposure to impacted media, e.g., landfill leachate or biosolids, direct contaminated discharge, and contaminant transport from atmospheric deposition, have caused significant environmental pollution. Such solids can act as secondary sources of PFAS for groundwater and surface water contamination. There are currently no proven technologies that can degrade PFAS in soil and sediments in a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly, and energy-efficient manner. This study examines the use of coupled high and low-frequency ultrasound in desorbing and degrading PFAS in soil, thereby achieving concurrent treatment and destruction of PFAS in soil. Two common PFAS, namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were used to evaluate treatment performance in soils with both low and high organic matter contents. The test results showed that the ultrasound treatment could significantly reduce PFAS concentrations in artificially contaminated soil; however, no significant degradation was achieved. Ultrasound treatment did improve desorption of PFAS from solid particles, particularly from the highly absorbent organic soil; 68.8 ± 1.8% of PFOA and 45.4 ± 4.1% of PFOS were leached from the soil after ultrasound treatment compared to only 28 ± 0.2% of PFOA and 1 ± 3.1% of PFOS after desorption in water. This work shows that sonication treatment is an effective technology for the removal of PFAS from solids, however, the presence of solids in the solid–liquid slurry can negatively impact ultrasonic cavitation, inhibiting the sonolytic degradation of desorbed PFAS.

土壤和沉积物等固体因暴露于受影响的介质（例如垃圾渗滤液或生物固体）而受到全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的污染、直接污染排放以及大气沉降中的污染物输送，已造成严重的环境污染。此类固体可作为 PFAS 的二次来源，用于地下水和地表水污染。目前还没有经过验证的技术可以以具有成本效益、环保和节能的方式降解土壤和沉积物中的 PFAS。本研究探讨了耦合高低频超声在解吸和降解土壤中的PFAS，从而实现土壤中PFAS的同时处理和破坏。两种常见的PFAS，即全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），用于评估有机质含量低和高的土壤的处理性能。试验结果表明，超声处理可以显着降低人工污染土壤中PFAS的浓度；然而，并没有实现显着的退化。超声波处理确实改善了 PFAS 从固体颗粒中的解吸，特别是从高吸收性有机土壤中解吸；超声处理后，从土壤中浸出 68.8 ± 1.8% 的 PFOA 和 45.4 ± 4.1% 的 PFOS，而 PFOA 和 1 ± 3.1% 的 PFOS 分别只有 28 ± 0.2% 和 1 ± 3.1% 超声波处理确实改善了 PFAS 从固体颗粒中的解吸，特别是从高吸收性有机土壤中解吸；超声处理后，从土壤中浸出 68.8 ± 1.8% 的 PFOA 和 45.4 ± 4.1% 的 PFOS，而 PFOA 和 1 ± 3.1% 的 PFOS 分别只有 28 ± 0.2% 和 1 ± 3.1% 超声波处理确实改善了 PFAS 从固体颗粒中的解吸，特别是从高吸收性有机土壤中解吸；超声处理后，从土壤中浸出 68.8 ± 1.8% 的 PFOA 和 45.4 ± 4.1% 的 PFOS，而 PFOA 和 1 ± 3.1% 的 PFOS 分别只有 28 ± 0.2% 和 1 ± 3.1% 在水中解吸后。这项工作表明，超声处理是一种从固体中去除 PFAS 的有效技术，但是，固-液浆料中存在的固体会对超声空化产生负面影响，抑制解吸 PFAS 的声解降解。