Common wheat is a major source of nutrition around the globe, but unlike maize and rice hybrids, no breakthrough has been made to enhance wheat yield since Green Revolution. With the availability of reference genome sequence of wheat and advancement of allied genomics technologies, understanding of genes involved in grain yield components and disease resistance/susceptibility has opened new avenues for crop improvement. Wheat has a huge hexaploidy genome of approximately 17 GB with 85% repetition, and it is a daunting task to induce any mutation across three homeologues that can be helpful for the enhancement of agronomic traits. The CRISPR-Cas9 system provides a promising platform for genome editing in a site-specific manner. In wheat, CRISPR-Cas9 is being used in the improvement of yield, grain quality, biofortification, resistance against diseases, and tolerance against abiotic factors. The promising outcomes of the CRISPR-based multiplexing approach circumvent the constraint of targeting merely one gene at a time. Deployment of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) 9 endonuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) and Cas9 variant systems such as cytidine base editing, adenosine base editing, and prime editing in wheat has been used to induce point mutations more precisely. Scientists have acquired major events such as induction of male sterility, fertility restoration, and alteration of seed dormancy through Cas9 in wheat that can facilitate breeding programs for elite variety development. Furthermore, a recent discovery in tissue culturing enables scientists to significantly enhance regeneration efficiency in wheat by transforming the GRF4-GIF1 cassette. Rapid generation advancement by speed breeding technology provides the opportunity for the generation advancement of the desired plants to segregate out unwanted transgenes and allows rapid integration of gene-edited wheat into the breeding pipeline. The combination of these novel technologies addresses some of the most important limiting factors for sustainable and climate-smart wheat that should lead to the second “Green Revolution” for global food security.

普通小麦是全球主要的营养来源，但与玉米和水稻杂交种不同，自绿色革命以来，小麦产量并未取得任何突破。随着小麦参考基因组序列的获得和相关基因组学技术的进步，对涉及谷物产量成分和抗病性/易感性的基因的了解为作物改良开辟了新途径。小麦具有大约 17 GB 的巨大六倍体基因组，重复率为 85%，要在三个同源物中诱导任何有助于增强农艺性状的突变是一项艰巨的任务。CRISPR-Cas9 系统为以特定位点方式进行基因组编辑提供了一个有前景的平台。在小麦中，CRISPR-Cas9 被用于提高产量、谷物质量、生物强化、对疾病的抵抗力和对非生物因素的耐受性。基于 CRISPR 的多路复用方法的有希望的结果绕过了一次仅针对一个基因的限制。在小麦中部署聚集的规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 相关 (Cas) 9 核酸内切酶 (CRISPR-Cas9) 和 Cas9 变体系统，如胞苷碱基编辑、腺苷碱基编辑和启动编辑，已被用于诱导点突变更多恰恰。科学家们已经通过小麦中的 Cas9 获得了诸如诱导雄性不育、恢复生育力和改变种子休眠等重大事件，这些事件可以促进优良品种开发的育种计划。此外，最近在组织培养方面的一项发现使科学家能够通过转化 GRF4-GIF1 盒显着提高小麦的再生效率。快速育种技术的快速世代推进为所需植物的世代推进提供了机会，以分离出不需要的转基因，并允许将基因编辑的小麦快速整合到育种管道中。这些新技术的结合解决了可持续和气候智能型小麦的一些最重要的限制因素，这将导致全球粮食安全的第二次“绿色革命”。快速育种技术的快速世代推进为所需植物的世代推进提供了机会，以分离出不需要的转基因，并允许将基因编辑的小麦快速整合到育种管道中。这些新技术的结合解决了可持续和气候智能型小麦的一些最重要的限制因素，这将导致全球粮食安全的第二次“绿色革命”。快速育种技术的快速世代推进为所需植物的世代推进提供了机会，以分离出不需要的转基因，并允许将基因编辑的小麦快速整合到育种管道中。这些新技术的结合解决了可持续和气候智能型小麦的一些最重要的限制因素，这将导致全球粮食安全的第二次“绿色革命”。