Conventional techniques (e.g., culture-based method) for bacterial detection typically require a central laboratory and well-trained technicians, which may take several hours or days. However, recent developments within various disciplines of science and engineering have led to a major paradigm shift in how microorganisms can be detected. The analytical sensors which are widely used for medical applications in the literature are being extended for rapid and on-site monitoring of the bacterial pathogens in food, water and the environment. Especially, within the low-resource settings such as low and middle-income countries, due to the advantages of low cost, rapidness and potential for field-testing, their use is indispensable for sustainable development of the regions. Within this context, this paper discusses analytical methods and biosensors which can be used to ensure food safety, water quality and environmental monitoring. In brief, most of our discussion is focused on various rapid sensors including biosensors and microfluidic chips. The analytical performances such as the sensitivity, specificity and usability of these sensors, as well as a brief comparison with the conventional techniques for bacteria detection, form the core part of the discussion. Furthermore, we provide a holistic viewpoint on how future research should focus on exploring the synergy of different sensing technologies by developing an integrated multiplexed, sensitive and accurate sensors that will enable rapid detection for food safety, water and environmental monitoring.

用于细菌检测的传统技术（例如基于培养的方法）通常需要中心实验室和训练有素的技术人员，这可能需要几个小时或几天的时间。然而，科学和工程各学科的最新发展导致微生物检测方式发生了重大范式转变。文献中广泛用于医疗应用的分析传感器正在扩展到对食品、水和环境中的细菌病原体进行快速现场监测。特别是在低收入和中等收入国家等资源匮乏的国家，由于其低成本、快速和可现场测试的优势，其使用对于该地区的可持续发展是不可或缺的。在此背景下，本文讨论了可用于确保食品安全、水质和环境监测的分析方法和生物传感器。简而言之，我们的大部分讨论都集中在各种快速传感器，包括生物传感器和微流控芯片。这些传感器的灵敏度、特异性和可用性等分析性能，以及与传统细菌检测技术的简要比较，构成了讨论的核心部分。此外，我们还提供了一个整体观点，说明未来的研究应如何专注于探索不同传感技术的协同作用，开发一种集成的多路复用、灵敏且准确的传感器，从而实现食品安全、水和环境监测的快速检测。