This study aimed to develop a fluorescent molecularly imprinted photonic crystals hydrogel (FMIPH) strip based on carbon dots (CDs) and inverse opal photonic crystals (PCs) for the detection of the active ingredient rutin in Sophora japonica products. The FMIPH-based sensing system was constructed using rutin as template molecules, 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, and inverse opal PCs with three-dimensional macroporous structure as the skeleton. The prepared CDs, SiO₂ microspheres, PCs model, and FMIPH were characterized in detail, and the prepared CDs-embedded FMIPH strip exhibited stable and sensitive reproducible fluorescence response, and selective recognition capability to rutin. The linear fluorescence response of CDs-embedded FMIPH to rutin was obtained in the concentration range of 2.5–40 μg mL⁻¹ (R² = 0.9876) with a limit of detection of 2.3 μg mL⁻¹ and a limit of quantitation of 7.2 μg mL⁻¹. The CDs-embedded FMIPH strip obtained satisfying recoveries (81.7–95.6 %) with a relative standard deviation less than 3.1 % (n = 3) in spiked samples, having a good agreement with the results from high-performance liquid chromatography (R² = 0.9945). This portable strip could be used for rapid identification and quantitative detection of rutin in complex matrices, showing broad prospects in the quality evaluation and grading of functional foods.

本研究旨在开发一种基于碳点 (CDs) 和反蛋白石光子晶体 (PCs) 的荧光分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶 (FMIPH) 条带，用于检测槐花产品中的活性成分芦丁。以芦丁为模板分子， 4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂，反蛋白石PCs为骨架，构建了基于FMIPH的传感系统。制备的CD，SiO ₂对微球、PCs模型和FMIPH进行了详细表征，制备的CDs包埋FMIPH条具有稳定、灵敏、可重复的荧光响应，以及对芦丁的选择性识别能力。CDs 包埋的 FMIPH 对芦丁的线性荧光响应在 2.5–40 μg mL ^-1 ( R ² = 0.9876) 的浓度范围内获得，检测限为 2.3 μg mL ^-1，定量限为 7.2 μg毫升^-1。CDs 包埋的 FMIPH 试纸条在加标样品中获得了令人满意的回收率 (81.7–95.6 %)，相对标准偏差小于 3.1 % ( n  = 3)，与高效液相色谱 ( R² = 0.9945)。该便携式试纸条可用于复杂基质中芦丁的快速鉴定和定量检测，在功能性食品的质量评价和分级中具有广阔的前景。