When blood first encounters the artificial surface of a medical device, a complex series of biochemical reactions is triggered, potentially resulting in clinical complications such as embolism/occlusion, inflammation, or device failure. Preventing thrombus formation on the surface of blood-contacting devices is crucial for maintaining device functionality and patient safety. As the number of patients reliant on blood-contacting devices continues to grow, minimizing the risk associated with these devices is vital towards lowering healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. The current standard clinical practice primarily requires the systemic administration of anticoagulants such as heparin, which can result in serious complications such as post-operative bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Due to these complications, the administration of antithrombotic agents remains one of the leading causes of clinical drug-related deaths. To reduce the side effects spurred by systemic anticoagulation, researchers have been inspired by the hemocompatibility exhibited by natural phenomena, and thus have begun developing medical-grade surfaces which aim to exhibit total hemocompatibility via biomimicry. This review paper aims to address different bio-inspired surface modifications that increase hemocompatibility, discuss the limitations of each method, and explore the future direction for hemocompatible surface research.

当血液第一次遇到医疗设备的人造表面时，会引发一系列复杂的生化反应，可能导致栓塞/闭塞、炎症或设备故障等临床并发症。防止血液接触设备表面形成血栓对于维持设备功能和患者安全至关重要。随着依赖血液接触设备的患者数量持续增长，最大限度地降低与这些设备相关的风险对于降低与医疗保健相关的发病率和死亡率至关重要。目前的标准临床实践主要需要全身施用肝素等抗凝剂，这可能导致术后出血和肝素诱导的血小板减少症（HIT）等严重并发症。由于这些并发症，抗血栓药物的使用仍然是临床药物相关死亡的主要原因之一。为了减少全身抗凝引起的副作用，研究人员受到自然现象所表现出的血液相容性的启发，因此开始开发医用级表面，旨在通过仿生学表现出完全的血液相容性。本文旨在解决提高血液相容性的不同仿生表面修饰，讨论每种方法的局限性，并探索血液相容性表面研究的未来方向。