In the present era, self-powered technology and smart materials have paved the way for the design of numerous implantable energy harvesting and biomedical applications. Piezoelectric is a class of materials that could generate an electrical output on the application of strain or stress. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are capable of harvesting various types of ubiquitous mechanical energy into electricity, unlike several other technologies such as triboelectric and electromagnetic. The piezoelectric effect is an important component for the PEH to deliver the maximum electrical output, considering its superior properties such as high electromechanical coefficient, wide environment, and thermal stability. The wide variety of piezoelectric biomaterials and numerous device designs could directly boost performance and make them compatible with various operational environments. Motions from human movements and vital organs could be an effective medium for transforming mechanical vibrations into electrical energy through PEH. This review sheds light upon the use of PEH in biomedical and implantable energy harvesting devices. A detailed summary of various piezoelectric biomaterials, device designs, and possible applications such as health monitoring, cell stimulation, stimulation of the brain, and tissue engineering. The future challenges and the roadmap for sustainable development of PEH are also outlined. Overcoming the existing problems in PEHs can lead to their acting as an alternative power source for biomedical applications and future healthcare sensors. Further, this review highlights the recent developments in piezoelectric biomaterials and their potential in various biomedical applications.

在当今时代，自供电技术和智能材料为众多植入式能量收集和生物医学应用的设计铺平了道路。压电是一类可以在施加应变或应力时产生电输出的材料。与摩擦电和电磁等其他几种技术不同，压电能量收集器 (PEH) 能够将各种类型的普遍存在的机械能收集成电能。考虑到高机电系数、宽环境和热稳定性等优越性能，压电效应是 PEH 提供最大电输出的重要组成部分。种类繁多的压电生物材料和众多设备设计可以直接提高性能并使它们与各种操作环境兼容。来自人体运动和重要器官的运动可以成为通过 PEH 将机械振动转化为电能的有效媒介。本综述阐明了 PEH 在生物医学和植入式能量收集设备中的应用。各种压电生物材料、设备设计和可能的应用（如健康监测、细胞刺激、大脑刺激和组织工程）的详细总结。还概述了 PEH 未来的挑战和可持续发展的路线图。克服 PEH 中存在的问题可以使其成为生物医学应用和未来医疗传感器的替代电源。此外，本综述强调了压电生物材料的最新发展及其在各种生物医学应用中的潜力。