We comment on an article by Sheldon et al. from a previous issue of Perspectives (May 2021). They argued that the presence of positive emotion (Hypothesis 1), the intensity of positive emotion (Hypothesis 2), and chronic positive mood (Hypothesis 3) are reliably signaled by the Duchenne smile (DS). We reexamined the cited literature in support of each hypothesis and show that the study findings were mostly inconclusive, irrelevant, incomplete, and/or misread. In fact, there is no single (empirical) article that would unanimously support the idea that DSs function solely as indicators of felt positive affect. Additional evidence is reviewed, suggesting that DSs can be—and often are—displayed deliberately and in the absence of positive feelings. Although DSs may lead to favorable interpersonal perceptions and positive emotional responses in the observer, we propose a functional view that focuses on what facial actions—here specifically DSs—do rather than what they express.

我们评论 Sheldon 等人的一篇文章。从上一期的观点（2021 年 5 月）。他们认为，积​​极情绪的存在（假设 1）、积极情绪的强度（假设 2）和长期的积极情绪（假设 3）都是杜氏微笑 (DS) 的可靠信号。我们重新检查了引用的文献以支持每个假设，并表明研究结果大多是不确定的、不相关的、不完整的和/或误读的。事实上，没有任何一篇（实证）文章会一致支持 DS 仅作为感受积极影响的指标这一观点。审查了其他证据，表明 DS 可以——而且经常是——在没有积极情绪的情况下有意地表现出来。尽管 DSs 可能会导致观察者产生良好的人际关系感知和积极的情绪反应，