This study investigates the influence of semantic maturation on early lexical development by examining the impact of contextual diversity—known to influence semantic development—on word promotion from receptive to productive vocabularies (i.e., comprehension-expression gap). Study 1 compares the vocabularies of 3685 American-English-speaking typical talkers (TTs) and late talkers (LTs; 16–30 months old; 1257 females, 1021 gender unknown; ethnicity unknown; data downloaded in 2018) and finds that LTs, with a longer preverbal phase, produced nouns with lower contextual diversity (R² = .80), but verbs with higher contextual diversity (R² = .13). Study 2 compares computational network growth models of semantic maturation and finds that verbs require more semantic maturation than nouns, and TTs produce words that are more semantically mature than LTs.

中文翻译：

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晚说话者和典型说话者理解-表达差距期间的语义成熟

本研究通过检查上下文多样性（已知会影响语义发展）对从接受词汇到生产词汇的单词提升（即理解表达差距）的影响，调查语义成熟对早期词汇发展的影响。研究 1 比较了 3685 名说美式英语的典型说话者（TTs）和晚说话者（LTs；16-30 个月大；1257 名女性，1021 名性别未知；种族未知；2018 年下载的数据）的词汇，发现 LTs，与较长的前阶段，产生的名词具有较低的语境多样性（R ²  = .80），但动词具有较高的语境多样性（R ² = .13). 研究 2 比较了语义成熟的计算网络增长模型，发现动词比名词需要更多的语义成熟，而 TTs 产生的词比 LTs 在语义上更成熟。