Disturbances, here defined as events that directly alter microbial community composition, are commonly studied in host-associated and engineered systems. In spite of global change both altering environmental averages and increasing extreme events, there has been relatively little research into the causes, persistence and population-level impacts of disturbance in the dynamic coastal ocean. Here, we utilize 3 years of observations from a coastal time series to identify disturbances based on the largest week-over-week changes in the microbiome (i.e. identifying disturbance as events that alter the community composition). In general, these microbiome disturbances were not clearly linked to specific environmental factors and responsive taxa largely differed, aside from SAR11, which generally declined. However, several disturbance metagenomes identified increased phage-associated genes, suggesting that unexplained community shifts might be caused by increased mortality. Furthermore, a category 1 hurricane, the only event that would likely be classified a priori as an environmental disturbance, was not an outlier in microbiome composition, but did enhance a bloom in seasonally abundant phytoplankton. Thus, as extreme environmental changes intensify, assumptions of what constitutes a disturbance should be re-examined in the context of ecological history and microbiome responses.

中文翻译：

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沿海海洋微生物组的快速变化与环境变量的变化无关

干扰，这里定义为直接改变微生物群落组成的事件，通常在宿主相关和工程系统中进行研究。尽管全球变化改变了环境平均值和增加了极端事件，但对动态沿海海洋中干扰的原因、持续性和人口水平影响的研究相对较少。在这里，我们利用来自沿海时间序列的 3 年观察结果，根据微生物组每周最大的变化来识别干扰（即将干扰识别为改变群落组成的事件）。一般来说，这些微生物组的干扰与特定的环境因素没有明确的联系，除了 SAR11 普遍下降之外，响应性分类群也有很大差异。然而，几个干扰宏基因组确定了增加的噬菌体相关基因，这表明无法解释的群落变化可能是由死亡率增加引起的。此外，1 类飓风，唯一可能被归类的事件先验作为一种环境干扰，在微生物组组成中并不是异常值，但确实增强了季节性丰富的浮游植物的开花。因此，随着极端环境变化的加剧，应该在生态历史和微生物组反应的背景下重新审视对什么构成干扰的假设。