High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) underground and submarine cables constitute an essential technology for the long-distance transmission of renewable electrical power with low losses, thereby fostering decarbonisation. In the past 2 decades, all this yielded a quasi-exponential rise of HVDC cable systems installed worldwide, but has also made the working conditions of HVDC cables harsher. In this paper, the contribution of HVDC cables to decarbonisation is tackled, with particular reference to the situation in Europe, and a few simple calculations showing in general terms the quantitative contribution provided by HVDC cable systems to decarbonisation are given. Then, the major issues towards long-lasting and reliable HVDC cable systems are summarised briefly, focussing—for the sake of brevity—on the influence of the main HVDC cable technologies, of cable laying environment and of duty service. Some hints are also provided at the chances given by multiterminal HVDC systems.

中文翻译：

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高压直流输电电缆有助于欧洲脱碳：近期成就和问题

高压直流 (HVDC) 地下和海底电缆是长距离传输低损耗可再生电力的基本技术，从而促进脱碳。在过去的 20 年中，这一切导致全球安装的 HVDC 电缆系统呈准指数增长，但也使 HVDC 电缆的工作条件更加恶劣。本文讨论了 HVDC 电缆对脱碳的贡献，特别参考了欧洲的情况，并给出了一些简单的计算，概括地显示了 HVDC 电缆系统对脱碳的定量贡献。然后，简要总结了持久可靠的高压直流电缆系统的主要问题，为简洁起见，重点关注主要高压直流电缆技术的影响，电缆敷设环境和值班服务。多终端高压直流输电系统提供的机会也提供了一些提示。