A physical model of a Burgers vortex was created in the laboratory with characteristics corresponding to dissipative-scale eddies that copepods are likely to encounter in turbulent flows. The swimming behavior of three marine copepod species is assessed as a function of vortex strength in and around the flow structure with the vortex axis aligned vertically or horizontally in the water. The studied species are Acartia tonsa, an estuarine copepod with a hop-sink swimming style; Temora longicornis, a coastal copepod with a cruise swimming style; and Calanus finmarchicus, an open-ocean copepod with a cruise-sink swimming style. The results show that copepods change their swimming behavior with the intensity of the Burgers vortex and reveal species-specific responses in nearly all kinematic parameters. A. tonsa and C. finmarchicus exhibited the strongest behavioral response to increasing vortex strength and T. longicornis exhibited the weakest response. A. tonsa and T. longicornis showed no response to changes in vortex orientation, whereas the behavior of C. finmarchicus revealed some vortex orientation dependence. One common behavior among the species is that the swimming trajectory shape becomes increasingly curved and spiral around the vortex core with increasing vortex strength, which provides a means of local aggregation and increased encounter rate with food and mates. The results are interpreted in relation to differences in swimming style and setal morphology among the species.

中文翻译：

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桡足类与湍流中小尺度耗散涡流的相互作用：三种海洋物种的比较

Burgers 涡旋的物理模型是在实验室中创建的，其特征对应于桡足类在湍流中可能遇到的耗散尺度涡流。三种海洋桡足类物种的游泳行为被评估为流动结构内和周围的涡流强度的函数，涡流轴在水中垂直或水平对齐。研究的物种是Acartiatona，一种具有跳水池游泳方式的河口桡足类动物；Temora longicornis，一种具有巡航游泳风格的沿海桡足类动物；和Calanus finmarchicus，一种具有游轮水槽游泳风格的远洋桡足类动物。结果表明，桡足类随着 Burgers 漩涡的强度而改变它们的游泳行为，并揭示了几乎所有运动学参数中的物种特异性反应。A.tonsa和C. finmarchicus对增加的涡流强度表现出最强的行为反应，而T. longicornis表现出最弱的反应。A. Tonya和T. longicornis对涡流方向的变化没有反应，而C. finmarchicus的行为揭示了一些涡流方向依赖性。该物种的一个常见行为是，随着涡流强度的增加，游泳轨迹形状变得越来越弯曲并围绕涡流核心盘旋，这提供了一种局部聚集的方式，并增加了与食物和配偶的相遇率。结果被解释为与物种间游泳方式和刚毛形态的差异有关。