Industrial automation is a multi-disciplinary study field that is constantly evolving. This research proposes IoT-based real-time liquid level monitoring and control in a single tank system. A PID controller with parameters sets using a novel modified Grey Wolf Optimization (mGWO) algorithm is used to manage the liquid level. The PID controller was then built on the ESP32 microcontroller module, and an android-based application was created utilizing the Blynk platform for IoT plant monitoring and control. The mGWO algorithm is used in MATLAB to optimize the $K_p$, $K_i$, and $K_d$ values of PID controller parameters. The Arduino IDE is used to create the microcontroller programing as well as the interface for the Android application to the ESP32 microcontroller module. The results reveal that a single tank liquid level control system based on mGWO outperforms Ziegler–Nichols and SIMC tuning approaches. Furthermore, the adoption of an IoT application-based user interface boosts the plant’s control and monitoring flexibility.

工业自动化是一个不断发展的多学科研究领域。本研究提出了在单罐系统中基于物联网的实时液位监测和控制。使用新的改进的灰狼优化 (mGWO) 算法设置参数的 PID 控制器用于管理液位。然后在 ESP32 微控制器模块上构建 PID 控制器，并利用 Blynk 平台创建了一个基于 Android 的应用程序，用于物联网工厂监控。在 MATLAB 中使用 mGWO 算法来优化${ķ}_p$,${ķ}_{\mathrm{一世}}$， 和${ķ}_d$PID 控制器参数的值。Arduino IDE 用于创建微控制器编程以及 Android 应用程序与 ESP32 微控制器模块的接口。结果表明，基于 mGWO 的单罐液位控制系统优于 Ziegler-Nichols 和 SIMC 调谐方法。此外，采用基于物联网应用程序的用户界面提高了工厂的控制和监控灵活性。