The triple differential vulnerability of female entrepreneurs to climate risk in sub-Saharan Africa: Gendered barriers and enablers to private sector adaptation,WIREs Climate Change

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The triple differential vulnerability of female entrepreneurs to climate risk in sub-Saharan Africa: Gendered barriers and enablers to private sector adaptation
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.793
Kate Elizabeth Gannon ₁ , Elena Castellano ₁ , Shaikh Eskander ₁ , Dorice Agol ₂ , Mamadou Diop ₃ , Declan Conway ₁ , Elizabeth Sprout ₁

Affiliation

The ability of businesses to adapt effectively to climate change is highly influenced by the external business enabling environment. Constraints to adaptive capacity are experienced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across sub-Saharan Africa, regardless of the gender of the business owner. However, gender is a critical social cleavage through which differences in adaptive capacity manifest and in Africa most entrepreneurs are women. We conduct a systematic review to synthesize existing knowledge on differential vulnerability of female entrepreneurs in Africa to climate risk, in relation to their sensitivity to extreme climate events and their adaptive capacity. We synthesize this literature using a vulnerability analysis approach that situates vulnerability and adaptive capacity within the context of the wider climate risk framework denoted in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. In doing so, we identify gendered barriers and enablers to private sector adaptation and suggest women entrepreneurs face a “triple differential vulnerability” to climate change, wherein they: (1) are often more sensitive to climate risk, as a result of their concentration in certain sectors and types of enterprises (e.g., micro SMEs in the agricultural sector in remote regions); (2) face additional barriers to adaptation in the business environment, including access to finance, technologies, (climate and adaptation) information and supportive policies; and (3) are also often concurrently on the frontline of managing climate risk at household levels. Since various forms of inequality often create compounding experiences of discrimination and vulnerability, we pay particular attention to how factors of differential vulnerability intersect, amplify, and reproduce.

中文翻译：

撒哈拉以南非洲女性企业家对气候风险的三重差异脆弱性：性别障碍和私营部门适应的促成因素

企业有效适应气候变化的能力很大程度上受外部营商环境的影响。无论企业主的性别如何，撒哈拉以南非洲的中小企业 (SME) 都面临着适应能力的限制。然而，性别是一个重要的社会分裂，通过它体现出适应能力的差异，在非洲，大多数企业家是女性。我们进行了系统审查，以综合现有知识，了解非洲女性企业家对气候风险的不同脆弱性，以及她们对极端气候事件的敏感性和适应能力。我们使用脆弱性分析方法综合这些文献，该方法将脆弱性和适应能力置于 IPCC 第五次评估报告中表示的更广泛气候风险框架的背景下。在此过程中，我们确定了私营部门适应的性别障碍和促成因素，并建议女性企业家面临气候变化的“三重差异脆弱性”，其中她们：(1) 由于她们专注于某些部门和企业类型（例如偏远地区农业部门的微型中小企业）；(2) 面临适应商业环境的额外障碍，包括获得资金、技术、（气候和适应）信息和支持性政策；(3) 也经常同时处于家庭层面管理气候风险的第一线。由于各种形式的不平等往往会造成歧视和脆弱性的复合体验，因此我们特别关注不同脆弱性的因素如何交叉、放大和再生产。

更新日期：2022-06-15

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