Despite abundant research documenting negative associations between parental psychological control and youth adjustment, little is known about precursors of parental psychological control. The current study evaluated maternal, youth, and neighborhood predictors of changes in maternal psychological control across the transition to adolescence. Mother-youth dyads (N = 211, 50.2% female children; 46.4% Latinx, 17.5% Black, 11.4% white, and 24.7% multiracial) reported on maternal psychological control at youth ages 10 and 12. Controlling for youth ethnicity and race, family income-to-needs, and prior levels of maternal psychological control at age 10, structural equation models showed that maternal problems (i.e., anxiety, alcohol dependence, caregiving helplessness) predicted increases and youth externalizing problems (e.g., attention problems, rule-breaking) predicted decreases in maternal reports of psychological control. Neighborhood risks (i.e., poverty, crime, single-parent households) predicted increases in youth reports of maternal psychological control. Exploratory analyses by gender indicated that neighborhood risks predicted decreases in maternal reports of psychological control for girls, but increases in maternal reports of psychological control for boys. This study identified specific antecedents of maternal psychological control that can be targeted in future intervention efforts to reduce negative parenting to promote positive youth development.

尽管有大量研究记录了父母心理控制与青少年适应之间的负相关关系，但对父母心理控制的前兆知之甚少。目前的研究评估了母亲、青年和社区在向青春期过渡期间母亲心理控制变化的预测因素。母婴二元组（N = 211, 50.2% 女童; 46.4% 的拉丁裔、17.5% 的黑人、11.4% 的白人和 24.7% 的多种族）报告了 10 岁和 12 岁青少年的母亲心理控制。控制青少年种族和种族、家庭收入与需求以及母亲心理控制的先前水平在 10 岁时，结构方程模型显示，孕产妇问题（即焦虑、酒精依赖、照顾无助）预示着增加，而青少年外化问题（例如，注意力问题、违反规则）预示着孕产妇心理控制报告的减少。邻里风险（即贫困、犯罪、单亲家庭）预示着青少年母亲心理控制报告的增加。按性别进行的探索性分析表明，邻里风险预示着母亲对女孩心理控制的报告会减少，但母亲对男孩心理控制的报告有所增加。本研究确定了孕产妇心理控制的特定前因，这些前因可作为未来干预工作的目标，以减少消极养育，促进积极的青年发展。