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New Data on Birth Order in Homosexual Men and Women and a Reply to Vilsmeier et al. (2021a, 2021b)
Archives of Sexual Behavior ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02362-z
Ray Blanchard 1 , Malvina N Skorska 2
Affiliation  

The fraternal birth order effect (FBOE) is the repeated finding that older brothers increase the odds of homosexuality in later-born males. It has been our working assumption, based on the majority of previous studies, that a similar FBOE does not occur in females. In an elaborate quantitative review posted last year to a preprint server, Vilsmeier et al. (2021a) concluded that there is no valid evidence for an FBOE in men or women. Ablaza et al. (2022) subsequently published a study of population-level data from the Netherlands with conclusions completely opposite to those of Vilsmeier et al., namely, that there is robust evidence of an FBOE in both men and women. The present research was initially undertaken to refute the assertion of Vilsmeier et al. that there is no proof of an FBOE in men and to investigate how they obtained such a discrepant conclusion. We found evidence that the discrepancy may relate to Vilsmeier et al.’s use of the large and demonstrably unreliable sample published by Frisch and Hviid (2006). After the publication by Ablaza et al., we expanded our article to address their finding of an FBOE in women. We argue that our preferred explanation of the FBOE in men—that it reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to Y-linked antigen by each succeeding male fetus and the concomitantly increasing effects of anti-male antibody on sexual differentiation in the brain in each succeeding male fetus—could plausibly be extended to female homosexuality.



中文翻译:

关于同性恋男女出生顺序的新数据以及对 Vilsmeier 等人的回复。(2021a, 2021b)

兄弟出生顺序效应(FBOE)是反复发现哥哥增加晚出生男性同性恋的几率。根据大多数先前的研究,我们的工作假设是女性不会发生类似的 FBOE。在去年发布到预印本服务器的详细定量评论中,Vilsmeier 等人。(2021a) 得出结论,没有有效证据表明男性或女性存在 FBOE。阿布拉扎等人。(2022 年)随后发表了一项对荷兰人口水平数据的研究,其结论与 Vilsmeier 等人的结论完全相反,即有强有力的证据表明男性和女性都存在 FBOE。目前的研究最初是为了反驳 Vilsmeier 等人的断言。没有证据表明男性有 FBOE,并调查他们是如何得出如此不一致的结论的。我们发现有证据表明这种差异可能与 Vilsmeier 等人使用了 Frisch 和 Hviid (2006) 发表的大量且明显不可靠的样本有关。在 Ablaza 等人发表后,我们扩展了我们的文章以解决他们在女性中发现的 FBOE。我们认为,我们对男性 FBOE 的首选解释——它反映了一些母亲对 Y 连锁抗原的逐步免疫,每个后续的男性胎儿以及随之而来的抗男性抗体对每个后续男性大脑中性分化的影响增加男性胎儿——可以合理地扩展到女性同性恋。使用由 Frisch 和 Hviid (2006) 发表的大量且明显不可靠的样本。在 Ablaza 等人发表后,我们扩展了我们的文章以解决他们在女性中发现的 FBOE。我们认为,我们对男性 FBOE 的首选解释——它反映了一些母亲对 Y 连锁抗原的逐步免疫,每个后续的男性胎儿以及随之而来的抗男性抗体对每个后续男性大脑中性分化的影响增加男性胎儿——可以合理地扩展到女性同性恋。使用由 Frisch 和 Hviid (2006) 发表的大量且明显不可靠的样本。在 Ablaza 等人发表后,我们扩展了我们的文章以解决他们在女性中发现的 FBOE。我们争辩说,我们对男性 FBOE 的首选解释——它反映了一些母亲对 Y 连锁抗原的逐步免疫,每个后续的男性胎儿以及随之而来的抗男性抗体对每个后续男性大脑中性分化的影响增加男性胎儿——可以合理地扩展到女性同性恋。

更新日期:2022-06-20
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