Aviation structures are required to be resistant to impact damage from hail. Therefore, aiming to gain a better understanding of such impacts, the formation mechanisms, spherically layered structures, and layer-density distributions of real hail were investigated. Based on analysis of the influence of different constitutive model parameters on the impact load on a metal target plate, a layered finite-element hail model was established, and this and several equivalent hail models were simulated and compared in terms of the dynamic responses during impact with a Ti6Al4V alloy plate target. The results showed that the characteristic values of the contact forces and impact displacements of spherically layered hail were lower than those for equivalent hailstones with the same mass or diameter. The spherically layered modeling of hail could provide a method for fine analysis of the phenomenology of hailstone impacts.

中文翻译：

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用于分析冰雹影响航空结构的球形层状冰模型的数值和实验验证

要求航空结构能够抵抗冰雹的冲击损坏。因此，为了更好地了解这种影响，研究了真实冰雹的形成机制、球形层状结构和层密度分布。在分析不同本构模型参数对金属靶板冲击载荷影响的基础上，建立了分层有限元冰雹模型，并在冲击过程中的动态响应方面对该模型和几种等效冰雹模型进行了仿真比较。用 Ti6Al4V 合金板靶。结果表明，球状层状冰雹的接触力和冲击位移特征值均低于同等质量或直径的冰雹。