ABSTRACT

Although both power posing and equine-assisted coaching have received growing attention in recent years and accordingly attract more research, intensive scientific debate is still young. This study investigates the impact of power posing and inner images in terms of imagination on self-efficacy in the setting of horse-assisted coaching using a quasi-experimental test design with repeated measures. Participants (N = 149), aged between 16 and 78 years (M = 29.38, SD = 13.12, 80% female), belonged either to the intervention group (N = 62) or the control group (N = 87). Intervention group subjects received a horse-assisted coaching with power posing exercises. Self-efficacy was measured two times by using the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and dispositional optimism was assessed using the revised version of the Life Orientation Test. Results show a highly significant increase in self-efficacy and dispositional optimism through a horse-assisted coaching with power posing exercises. The change in the self-efficacy represents a strong effect. Gender and horse experience of the subjects (intervention group) did not significantly influence the change of the selfefficacy between the measuring points. Long-term effects and the different factors of action in equine-assisted coaching, which has hardly been researched so far, as well as gender- and age-specific differences should be examined more closely in follow-up studies.

Implications for practitioners statement

1. The findings of the study support the use of power posing exercises and inner images in horse-assisted coaching practice.

2. Horse-assisted coaching can demonstrably empower clients using the exercises presented in the study, given that it is carried out by coaches with a professional background.

3. Horse-assisted coaching has the potential to enable clients to develop their self-efficacy and dispositional optimism.

中文翻译：

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力量姿势对马术辅助教练中自我效能和性格乐观的影响

摘要

尽管力量姿势和马匹辅助教练近年来受到越来越多的关注，并相应地吸引了更多的研究，但激烈的科学辩论还很年轻。本研究使用具有重复测量的准实验测试设计，调查了在马术辅助训练中，力量姿势和想象中的内在形象对自我效能感的影响。参与者 ( N = 149)，年龄在 16 至 78 岁之间 ( M = 29.38，SD = 13.12，80% 为女性)，属于干预组 ( N = 62) 或对照组 ( N= 87). 干预组受试者接受了带有力量姿势练习的马匹辅助训练。使用广义自我效能量表测量自我效能两次，并使用修订版的生活取向测试评估性格乐观。结果显示，通过带有力量姿势练习的马匹辅助教练，自我效能感和性格乐观度显着提高。自我效能的变化代表了强烈的影响。受试者（干预组）的性别和骑马经历对测量点之间自我效能感的变化没有显着影响。迄今为止几乎没有研究过的马匹辅助教练的长期效果和不同的作用因素，

对从业者的影响声明

1. 该研究的结果支持在马匹辅助教练实践中使用力量姿势练习和内在意象。

2. 考虑到由具有专业背景的教练执行，马术辅助教练可以使用研究中提出的练习明显地增强客户的能力。

3. 马辅助教练有可能使客户发展他们的自我效能感和性格乐观。