The productivity and sustainability of livestock production systems are heavily influenced by animal nutrition. To maintain homeostatic balance in the body of the animal at different phases of life, the percentage of organically active minerals in livestock feed must be optimized. Selenium (Se) is a crucial trace mineral that is required for the maintenance of many functions of the body. Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) attracted considerable interest from researchers for a variety of applications a decade ago, owing to their extraordinary properties. SeNPs offer significant advantages over larger-sized materials, by having a comparatively wider surface area, increased surface energy, and high volume. Despite its benefits, SeNP also has toxic effects, therefore safety concerns must be taken for a successful application. The toxicological effects of SeNPs in animals are characterized by weight loss, and increased mortality rate. A safe-by-strategy to certify animal, human and environmental safety will contribute to an early diagnosis of all risks associated with SeNPs. This review is aimed at describing the beneficial uses and potential toxicity of SeNPs in various animals. It will also serve as a summary of different levels of SeNPs which should be added in the feed of animals for better performance.

中文翻译：

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纳米硒对动物的毒理学作用


畜牧生产系统的生产力和可持续性在很大程度上受到动物营养的影响。为了在生命的不同阶段维持动物体内的稳态平衡，必须优化牲畜饲料中有机活性矿物质的百分比。硒 (Se) 是维持身体许多功能所需的重要微量矿物质。十年前，硒纳米粒子（SeNP）因其非凡的性能而引起了研究人员对其各种应用的极大兴趣。与较大尺寸的材料相比，SeNP 具有相对较宽的表面积、较高的表面能和较高的体积，因此具有显着的优势。尽管有好处，SeNP 也有毒性作用，因此必须考虑安全问题才能成功应用。 SeNPs 对动物的毒理学作用表现为体重减轻和死亡率增加。认证动物、人类和环境安全的安全策略将有助于早期诊断与 SeNP 相关的所有风险。本综述旨在描述 SeNP 在各种动物中的有益用途和潜在毒性。它还将总结不同水平的 SeNP，应将其添加到动物饲料中以获得更好的性能。