Batting and catching are real-life examples of interception. Due to latencies between the processing of sensory input and the corresponding motor response, successful interception requires accurate spatiotemporal prediction. However, spatiotemporal predictions can be subject to bias. For instance, the more spatially distant two sequentially presented objects are, the longer the interval between their presentations is perceived (kappa effect) and vice versa (tau effect). In this study, we deployed these phenomena to test in two sensory modalities whether temporal representations depend asymmetrically on spatial representations, or whether both are symmetrically interrelated. We adapted the tau and kappa paradigms to an interception task by presenting four stimuli (visually or auditorily) one after another on four locations, from left to right, with constant spatial and temporal intervals in between. In two experiments, participants were asked to touch the screen where and when they predicted a fifth stimulus to appear. In Exp. 2, additional predictive gaze measures were examined. Across experiments, auditory but not visual stimuli produced a tau effect for interception, supporting the idea that the relationship between space and time is moderated by the sensory modality. Results did not reveal classical auditory or visual kappa effects and no visual tau effects. Gaze data in Exp. 2 showed that the (spatial) gaze orientation depended on temporal intervals while the timing of fixations was modulated by spatial intervals, thereby indicating tau and kappa effects across modalities. Together, the results suggest that sensory modality plays an important role in spatiotemporal predictions in interception.

击球和接球是拦截的真实例子。由于感觉输入的处理和相应的运动反应之间存在延迟，成功的拦截需要准确的时空预测。然而，时空预测可能会受到偏差的影响。例如，两个顺序呈现的对象在空间上越远，感知到它们呈现之间的间隔就越长（kappa 效应），反之亦然（tau 效应）。在这项研究中，我们部署了这些现象来测试两种感觉方式，时间表征是否不对称地依赖于空间表征，或者两者是否对称地相互关联。我们通过在四个位置从左到右依次呈现四种刺激（视觉或听觉），使 tau 和 kappa 范式适应拦截任务，之间具有恒定的空间和时间间隔。在两个实验中，参与者被要求在他们预测第五次刺激出现的时间和地点触摸屏幕。在 Exp。2，检查了额外的预测凝视措施。在整个实验中，听觉而非视觉刺激产生了拦截的 tau 效应，这支持了空间和时间之间的关系受感官模式调节的观点。结果没有揭示经典的听觉或视觉 kappa 效应，也没有视觉 tau 效应。Exp. 中的注视数据。图 2 显示（空间）凝视方向取决于时间间隔，而注视时间受空间间隔调节，从而表明跨模式的 tau 和 kappa 效应。一起，