As a vital step towards the industrialization of perovskite solar cells, outdoor field tests of large-scale perovskite modules and panels represent a mandatory step to be accomplished. Here we demonstrate the manufacturing of large-area (0.5 m²) perovskite solar panels, each containing 40 modules whose interfaces are engineered with two-dimensional materials (GRAphene-PErovskite (GRAPE) panels). We further integrate nine GRAPE panels for a total panel area of 4.5 m² in a stand-alone solar farm infrastructure with peak power exceeding 250 W, proving the scalability of this technology. We provide insights on the system operation by analysing the panel characteristics as a function of temperature and light intensity. The analysis, carried out over a months-long timescale, highlights the key role of the lamination process of the panels on the entire system degradation. A life-cycle assessment based on primary data indicates the high commercial potential of the GRAPE panel technology in terms of energy and environmental performances.

作为钙钛矿太阳能电池产业化的重要一步，大型钙钛矿组件和面板的户外现场测试是必须完成的一步。在这里，我们展示了大面积 (0.5 m ² ) 钙钛矿太阳能电池板的制造，每个太阳能电池板包含 40 个模块，其界面采用二维材料（石墨烯-钙钛矿 (GRAPE) 面板）设计。我们进一步集成了 9 个 GRAPE 面板，总面板面积为 4.5 m ²在峰值功率超过 250 W 的独立太阳能农场基础设施中，证明了该技术的可扩展性。我们通过分析面板特性作为温度和光强度的函数来提供有关系统操作的见解。该分析在长达数月的时间内进行，强调了面板层压过程对整个系统退化的关键作用。基于原始数据的生命周期评估表明 GRAPE 面板技术在能源和环境性能方面具有很高的商业潜力。