Sharp fronts and eddies that are ubiquitous in the world ocean, as well as features such as shelf seas and under-ice-shelf cavities, are not captured in climate projections. Such small-scale processes can play a key role in how the large-scale ocean and cryosphere evolve under climate change, posing a challenge to climate models.

中文翻译：

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海洋的小尺度可能是惊喜的关键

世界海洋中普遍存在的锋利锋面和涡流，以及陆架海和冰架下空腔等特征，并未包含在气候预测中。这种小尺度过程可以在气候变化下大尺度海洋和冰冻圈如何演变中发挥关键作用，对气候模型提出挑战。