Acute Effects of Gait Interventions on Tibial Loads During Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,Sports Medicine

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Acute Effects of Gait Interventions on Tibial Loads During Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01703-1
Meghan Keast ₁ , Jason Bonacci ₁ , Aaron Fox ₁

Affiliation

Introduction

Changing running technique or equipment can alter tibial loads. The efficacy of interventions to modify tibial loads during running is yet to be synthesised and evaluated. This article reviewed the effect of running technique and footwear interventions on tibial loading during running.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched using terms relevant to tibial load and running. Interventions were categorised according to their approach (i.e., footwear; barefoot running; speed; surface; overground versus treadmill; orthotics, insoles and taping; and technique); if necessary, further subgrouping was applied to these categories. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for changes in tibial loading were calculated and meta-analyses performed where possible.

Results

Database searches yielded 1617 articles, with 36 meeting the inclusion criteria. Tibial loading increased with (1) barefoot running (SMD 1.16; 95% CI 0.50, 1.82); (2) minimalist shoe use by non-habitual users (SMD 0.89; 95% CI 0.40, 1.39); (3) motion control shoe use (SMD 0.46; 95% CI 0.07, 0.84); (4) increased stride length (SMD 0.86; 95% CI 0.18, 1.55); and (5) increased running speed (SMD 1.03; 95% CI 0.74, 1.32). Tibial loading decreased when (1) individuals ran on a treadmill versus overground (SMD − 0.83; 95% CI − 1.53, − 0.12); and (2) targeted biofeedback was used (SMD − 0.93; 95% CI − 1.46, − 0.41).

Conclusions

Running barefoot, in motion control shoes or in unfamiliar minimalist shoes, and with an increased stride length increases tibial loads and may increase the risk of a tibial stress injury during periods of high training load. Adopting interventions such as running on a treadmill versus overground, and using targeted biofeedback during periods of high loads could reduce tibial stress injury.

中文翻译：

跑步过程中步态干预对胫骨负荷的急性影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

介绍

改变跑步技术或设备可以改变胫骨负荷。在跑步过程中改变胫骨负荷的干预措施的有效性尚未得到综合和评估。本文回顾了跑步技术和鞋类干预措施对跑步过程中胫骨负荷的影响。

方法

使用与胫骨负荷和跑步相关的术语搜索电子数据库。干预措施根据他们的方法进行分类（即，鞋类；赤脚跑步；速度；表面；地面与跑步机；矫形器、鞋垫和胶带；以及技术）；如有必要，对这些类别进行进一步分组。计算胫骨负荷变化的标准化均值差 (SMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)，并在可能的情况下进行荟萃分析。

结果

数据库搜索产生了 1617 篇文章，其中 36 篇符合纳入标准。胫骨负荷随着 (1) 赤脚跑步而增加 (SMD 1.16; 95% CI 0.50, 1.82); (2) 非习惯用户使用极简鞋（SMD 0.89；95% CI 0.40，1.39）；(3) 运动控制鞋使用 (SMD 0.46; 95% CI 0.07, 0.84); (4) 增加步幅（SMD 0.86；95% CI 0.18，1.55）；(5) 增加的运行速度 (SMD 1.03; 95% CI 0.74, 1.32)。当 (1) 个人在跑步机上跑步与在地面上跑步时胫骨负荷减少 (SMD - 0.83; 95% CI - 1.53, - 0.12); (2) 使用靶向生物反馈（SMD − 0.93；95% CI − 1.46，− 0.41）。