Human body fluids (biofluids) contain various proteins, some of which reflect individuals' physiological conditions or predict diseases. Therefore, the analysis of biofluids can provide substantial information on novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. In the past decades, mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies have been developed as proteomic strategies not only for the identification of protein biomarkers but also for biomarker verification/validation in body fluids for clinical applications. The main advantage of targeted MS-based methodologies is the accurate and specific simultaneous quantitation of multiple biomarkers with high sensitivity. Here, we review MS-based methodologies that are currently used for the targeted quantitation of protein components in human body fluids, especially in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. In addition, the currently used MS-based methodologies are summarized with a specific focus on applicable clinical sample types, MS configurations, and acquisition modes.

中文翻译：

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通过质谱法对人体体液中的目标蛋白质进行定量

人体体液（生物液）含有多种蛋白质，其中一些蛋白质可以反映个体的生理状况或预测疾病。因此，生物体液的分析可以为临床诊断和预后的新型生物标志物提供大量信息。在过去的几十年中，基于质谱 (MS) 的技术已发展为蛋白质组学策略，不仅用于鉴定蛋白质生物标志物，还用于临床应用体液中的生物标志物验证/确认。基于 MS 的靶向方法的主要优点是能够以高灵敏度对多种生物标志物进行准确、特异的同时定量。在此，我们回顾了目前用于对人体体液（尤其是血浆、尿液、脑脊液和唾液）中蛋白质成分进行靶向定量的基于质谱的方法。此外，还总结了当前使用的基于 MS 的方法，特别关注适用的临床样本类型、MS 配置和采集模式。