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Acid-Base Synergism in Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Functionalized Few-Layer Graphene for Low-Activation Barrier Solid-State Proton Conduction
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02377
Palak Mehra 1 , Midhula Wilson 1 , Amit Paul 1
Affiliation  

Constructing solid-state humidity-independent proton conductors having low activation barriers is crucial in the field of renewable energy application since they provide consistent performance over a wide range of temperatures with minimal aid of water molecules. In this work, we report the synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-functionalized few-layer graphene (NOFG) materials, which are modified from two graphene precursors using the Bucherer reaction and are abbreviated as NOFG-D and NOFG. These materials revealed an exceptional performance at room temperature, sub-zero temperature, high temperatures, and under low-humidity conditions as well. Under fully hydrated conditions (95% relative humidity), NOFG-D exhibited a proton conductivity of 4.1 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature (27 °C), which gradually increased to 8.7 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 95 °C with a small activation barrier of 0.10 eV. NOFG demonstrated proton conductivities of 1.7 × 10–3 and 3.6 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature (27 °C) and 95 °C, respectively, at 95% RH, possessing only 0.09 eV activation energy. Both the materials also showed a nearly humidity-independent solid-state proton conduction behavior. The proton conductivities recorded at −20 °C were 2.1 × 10–3 and 8.4 × 10–4 S cm–1 for NOFG-D and NOFG, respectively. We proposed that the basic nitrogen functional groups in cooperation with acidic carboxylic acid moieties produced a low energy barrier employing acid–base interactions, which presumably made proton transport channels self-sufficient. A supercapacitor device was also fabricated employing NOFG, which demonstrated excellent performance in a two-electrode configuration (77 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 current density for the full cell) with ∼107% cyclic stability after 10 000 cycles.

中文翻译:

氮和氧功能化少层石墨烯的酸碱协同作用用于低活化势垒固态质子传导

构建具有低活化势垒的固态与湿度无关的质子导体在可再生能源应用领域中至关重要,因为它们在广泛的温度范围内提供一致的性能,而水分子的帮助最小。在这项工作中,我们报告了氮和氧功能化的少层石墨烯 (NOFG) 材料的合成,该材料是使用 Bucherer 反应从两种石墨烯前体改性的,缩写为 NOFG-D 和 NOFG。这些材料在室温、零下温度、高温和低湿度条件下均表现出卓越的性能。在完全水合条件下(95% 相对湿度),NOFG-D 的质子电导率为 4.1 × 10 –3 S cm –1在室温 (27 °C) 下,在 95 °C 时逐渐增加到 8.7 × 10 –3 S cm –1,激活势垒为 0.10 eV。NOFG在室温 (27 °C) 和 95 °C、95% RH 下的质子电导率分别为 1.7 × 10 –3和 3.6 × 10 –3 S cm –1 ,活化能仅为 0.09 eV。这两种材料还显示出几乎与湿度无关的固态质子传导行为。-20 °C 记录的质子电导率为 2.1 × 10 –3和 8.4 × 10 –4 S cm –1分别用于 NOFG-D 和 NOFG。我们提出,碱性氮官能团与酸性羧酸部分合作产生了一个利用酸碱相互作用的低能垒,这可能使质子传输通道自给自足。还使用 NOFG 制造了一个超级电容器器件,该器件在双电极配置中表现出优异的性能(全电池在 0.5 A g -1电流密度下为 77 F g -1),在 10 000 次循环后循环稳定性约为 107%。
更新日期:2022-06-15
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